정서가 대학생들의 위험지각과 위험행동에 미치는 영향: 의도적 통제의 조절효과
The effect of affect on college students’ risk perceptions and risk behaviors: Moderation by effortful control
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정서가 대학생의 위험지각과 위험행동에 영향을 미치는지와 그 과정에서 의도적 통제가 조절효과를 보이는지를 살펴보았다. D광역시 남녀 대학생 176명을 긍정정서, 중립정서 및 부정정서조건에 무선할당하고 국제정서그림체계의 사진자극과 음악을 결합한 동영상으로 정서를 유발하였다. 영역별 위험척도로 윤리적 문제, 건강/안전, 레크리에이션, 사회적 문제에 대한 위험지각을 측정하였고, 컴퓨터를 사용한 신호등 게임으로 위험행동을 측정하였다. 의도적 통제는 성인용 기질질문지로 측정하였다. 첫째, 정서가 위험지각에 미치는 영향은 문제영역에 따라 달랐다. 긍정정서가 유발되었을 때 중립정서가 유발되었을 때 보다 레크리에이션에 대한 위험지각은 낮았지만 윤리적 문제, 건강/안전과 사회적 문제에 대한 위험지각은 정서의 영향을 받지 않았다. 둘째, 정서가 위험행동에 미치는 영향은 성별에 따라 달라져서 남자들은 긍정정서가 유발되었을 때 부정정서가 유발되었을 때보다 위험행동을 더 많이 하였고 여자들은 정서의 영향을 받지 않았다. 셋째, 정서가 레크리에이션에 대한 위험지각에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 의도적 통제는 조절효과를 보여서 의도적 통제가 높은 사람들은 긍정정서가 높아질수록 위험지각이 낮아졌으나 의도적 통제가 낮은 사람들의 위험지각은 정서의 영향을 받지 않았다. 이 연구는 정서가 대학생들의 위험지각과 위험행동에 미치는 영향과 이러한 관계에서 개인의 기질적 성향인 의도적 통제의 역할을 밝힘으로써 대학생들의 위험행동을 예방하고 감소시키는 데 유용한 정보를 제공하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of positive and negative affect on college students’ risk perceptions and risk behaviors. The moderating effects of effortful control were also examined. 176 students from D city participated in the study. Positive and negative affect were induced by using photographs from the International Affective Picture System along with music. Risk perception was measured by means of the Domain Specific Risk Taking Scale and risk behavior was measured by the Stoplight Game. Effortful control was measured by the Adult Temperament Questionnaire-Short Form. The results were as follows. First, affect influenced risk perception in recreational situations only; the higher the positive affect, the higher the risk perception in recreational situations. Second, the effect of affect on risk behaviors varied by sex. Male students displayed more risk behaviors in positive affect than in negative affect, whereas female students' risk behaviors were similar in both affects. Third, effortful control moderated the relationship between affect and risk perception in recreational situations.
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