소년보호관찰 집단의 이질적 문제행동 패턴을 예측하는 위험요인 검증
Risk factors for heterogeneous behavioral problem patterns in juvenile probationers
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본 연구에서는 잠재 프로파일 분석 절차를 활용하여 보호관찰 청소년들의 이질적 문제행동 패턴을 확인하고, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하여 이질성을 예측하는 위험요인들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 2016년 7월부터 2017년 3월까지 서울보호관찰소에 신규 접수된 보호관찰 청소년들 중 연구 참여에 동의한 총 171명의 자료를 분석하였으며, 문제행동과 양육행동은 보호자 보고, 아동기 역경 경험과 동기체계는 청소년 자기보고로 평가되었다. 보호자가 보고한 청소년들의 문제행동을 바탕으로 잠재 프로파일 분석을 실시한 결과 3계층 모형이 가장 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 각 계층은 문제행동 유형에 따라 ‘규칙위반 행동 집단’, ‘외현화 문제 집단’, ‘혼합문제 집단’으로 명명하였다. 다항 로지스틱 분석을 통하여 세 집단 간의 차이를 예측할 수 있는 위험요인들을 살펴본 결과 우선, 혼합문제 집단은 외현화 문제 집단에 비하여 높은 행동 억제 체계(Behavioral Inhibition System; BIS)와 부모의 과잉반응 양육태도, 많은 정서적 방임 경험을 나타냈다. 규칙위반 행동 집단에 비해서는 여자 청소년들이 많았고, 부모의 과잉반응과 느슨한 양육태도가 높고, 정서적 방임이 많은 것으로 타나났다. 마지막으로, 외현화 문제 집단은 규칙위반 행동 집단에 비하여 부모의 과잉반응 양육태도가 높고, 부모의 약물남용 비율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 소년법 위반으로 보호관찰을 받고 있는 청소년들을 대상으로 자기보고와 보호자 보고라는 다양한 정보원에서 얻은 자료를 분석함으로써 사법체계에 연루된 청소년들의 문제행동 양상에 따라 차별화된 개입이 필요함을 확인하였다는 것에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The current literature suggests that juvenile probationers may be characterized by heterogeneous behavioral problem patterns and these heterogeneous problems may be associated with different risk factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the heterogeneous patterns of behavioral problems, and to identify risk factors differently associated with the patterns in Korean juvenile probationers. The participants were newly enrolled from July 2016 to March 2017 at Seoul Probation Office. A total of 171 Korean juvenile probationers completed questionnaires assessing adverse childhood experience and behavioral motivational systems. The parents completed questionnaires measuring their children's behavior problems and parenting styles. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. The LPA identified three distinct profiles: (1) Rule-breaking behavior group, (2) Externalizing problem group, and (3) co-occurring problem group. Our results also showed that different risk factors (e.g., gender, emotional neglect, over-reactivity and laxness parenting style) were differently associated with three heterogeneous behavior groups. These results may help to better understand the behavioral characteristics of Korean juvenile probationers and may suggest different types of interventions targeting these heterogeneous behavior groups.
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