금강산 유람의 통시적 고찰을 위한 시론 －불교적 성지 순례, ‘수양’에서 ‘구경’ 혹은 ‘관광’에 이르기까지－

Abstract

This study overviews the social recognition perspectives of sightseeing Mt. Keumgang,‘Keumgangsan yuram’ through the history. The way of sightseeing Mt. Keumgang and its meaning in the sociocultural context were discussed. The study of this kind, if concerned only a certain short period could not bear the various aspects and those cultural implication. Especially the studies on ‘Keumgangsan yuram’ in Japanese colonial periods may elude the touring activity as a passive consumption of the Japanese tourism policy. I tried to treat the ‘Keumgangsan yuram’ as a long tradition of Korean folks even those may had been biased toward higher class in the past. Korean people had traveled Mt. Keumgang as cultural deeds objectively, literatured by Hwan-rang in Sila Dynasty or Wang-geon in early Goryeo. Detail documentation could be traced back to the late Goryeo, when not only the noble class but also the folk travelled Mt. Keumgang with their family in sort of Buddhist pilgrimage. In Joseon Dynasty, it became a kind of mind training for the gentry who want pursue Confucianism, and an amusement for others. Even though ‘Yusan’ of Joseon gentry such as ‘Keumgangsan yuram’ settled down about the 17th century. Around late 17th and 18th century,Keumgangsan yuram became more popular and secular by 'Nong-yeon scholar group who considered ‘sansuyuram’ as “Heung”, fun and “Quoi”, enjoyment, and brought down the “sansu”as the object for valuation. Finally in late 19th century, even poor regional ‘yangban’ and some women tried to have sightseeing of Mt. Keumgang. In this periods ‘Keumgangsan yuram’became quite spread out even to rich middle class people in Korea. There was no more mind training or pilgrimage, but it became enjoyment and a source of pride. In Japanese periods,many of Keumgangsan tourists were told that they seemed to passively accept the Japanese colonial modern tourism policy. I assume some korean people tried to practice or follow Keumgangsan tour in the historical or traditional ‘Keumgangsan yuram’ context even under the Japanese colonial periods cause it implies lots of meaning in Korean history and culture.