日本の植民地言語政策について - 時枝誠記の「言語過程說」と總督府の言語政策 -

Abstract

Throughout Japanese colonial era in Joseon, Japan had consistently enforced Japanese language education to Korean as the main device of assimilation of Joseon. In line with this assimilation agenda, Japanese colonial government revised the 'Educational Regulations' three times to establish new colonial education system. Especially, under the second revision of 'Educational Regulations', the colonial government set the target of public education to cultivate the Japanese-friendly mood and this was the one of their strategies from assimilation of Korean to their own. In the third revision, they finally forced the Korean to use Japanese language at all time. Given the historical situation of the period and the fact that Tokieda Motoki was in the Keijo Imperial University as a professor at the moment and published a paper on the language policy, it is speculated that he could have been related to Japanese language enforcement policy in any extent. This paper attempts to review Gengo Katei theory, and clarify the relationship of Tokieda Motoki and colonial government on language policy, then investigate the degree of his influence on officials of education bureau. To achieve these, I explicitly show the details, based on the status of Japanese language acceptance to the Korean public during the third revision of 'Educational Regulations', as follows: First, the uniqueness of 'Official Language Policy' enforced by Japanese colonial government was to emphasize and enforce the usage of Japanese language to Korean not only in their academic environment but also even in their home. In other words, their implementation of official language expanded its area into unofficial situations. Second, the reason that Tokieda Motoki's view on 'Official Language Policy' was revised over the time was that his Gengo Katei theory was formed as theoretical propaganda to support the official language policy of Japanese colonial government. Third, Tokieda Motoki's 'Gengo Katei theory' greatly influenced Morita Goro and Hirose Tsuzuku who were officials of education bureau.