조선총독부 제정 「의례준칙」의 보급과 시행실태

Abstract

This study is intended to explain how 「Ritual Standards」 established by Japan during colonial era propagated in Joseon society, and how these rules penetrated and regulated Joseon-era people’s ritual life. It is a noticeable research subject in folklore study that what effects dissemination of modern legislation had on traditional ritual culture, and how people in those days reacted and recognized. Japan issued 「Ritual Standards」 on November 10, 1934 by defining new wedding, funeral and memorial service of Joseon. The 「Ritual Standards」were established because Japan viewed rituals of Joseon with a distorted perspective and simplified them according to colonial policy. Japan, which shifted to a wartime posture in 1930s, felt necessity to simplify rituals as one of colonial policies for material exploitation and human exploitation. It was to control Joseon’s both daily life and traditional thinking structure under the colonial policies. Through ritual improvement of Joseon, Japan earned money to execute the war, and through dissolution of Joseon’s traditional rituals, Japan destroyed people’s identity and pride. The dissemination of 「Ritual Standards」 could be done nationwide through the network of administration system established in 1930s. While the efforts of central government to disseminate 「Ritual Standards」 was done forcibly through administration system, in local areas, Joseon people who had pro-Japanese tendency led the dissemination of 「Ritual Standards」. In this study, the dissemination process and Joseon people's way of accepting were researched through resources issued during colonial era. Sometimes education officials and instructors were sent to ritual fields and regulated the rituals by force, and other times repressive measures and conciliatory policy were used at the same time through lectures and education for necessity of ritual revision. Joseon people showed complaints and criticism about Japan’s repressive measures. However, those who agreed to Japan’s policy practiced the regulations of 「Ritual Standards」 and took the lead in informing to Joseon society. The 「Ritual Standards」 weren’t issued after 1937. Even though the period was short, it aroused the necessity of rituals’ simplification and improvement to Joseon people. Therefore, today’s 「Family Ritual Standards」 was followed the rules of 「Ritual Standards」 with the form of ‘standard’, and the influence of 「Ritual Standards」 is still continued due to common dissemination process and intention and items of ritual improvement.