Regulatory Eosinophils in Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Eosinophils are potent effector cells implicated in allergic responses and helminth infections. Responding to stimuli, they release their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins and are involved in inflammatory processes. However, under homeostatic conditions, eosinophils are abundantly present in the intestine and are constantly in contact with the gut microbiota and maintain the balance of immune responses without inflammation. This situation indicates that intestinal eosinophils have an anti-inflammatory function unlike allergic eosinophils. In support of this notion, some papers have shown that eosinophils have different phenotypes depending on the site of residence and are a heterogeneous cell population. Recently, it was reported that eosinophils in the small intestine and adipose tissue, respectively, contribute to homeostasis of intestinal immune responses and metabolism. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize new functions of eosinophils demonstrated in recent studies and discuss their homeostatic functions.
Abstract
Eosinophils are potent effector cells implicated in allergic responses and helminth infections. Responding to stimuli, they release their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins and are involved in inflammatory processes. However, under homeostatic conditions, eosinophils are abundantly present in the intestine and are constantly in contact with the gut microbiota and maintain the balance of immune responses without inflammation. This situation indicates that intestinal eosinophils have an anti-inflammatory function unlike allergic eosinophils. In support of this notion, some papers have shown that eosinophils have different phenotypes depending on the site of residence and are a heterogeneous cell population. Recently, it was reported that eosinophils in the small intestine and adipose tissue, respectively, contribute to homeostasis of intestinal immune responses and metabolism. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize new functions of eosinophils demonstrated in recent studies and discuss their homeostatic functions.
참고문헌 (40)
- Rothenberg, M. E., "The Eosinophil", Annu. Rev. Immunol, 24, pp.147~174 (2006)
- Garcia, N. V., "SIRPa", CD172a regulates eosinophil homeostasis, 2011, pp.187, 2268~2277
- Carlens, J., "Common g-chain-dependent signal confer selevtive survival of eosinophils in the murine small intestine", J. Immunol, 183, pp.5600~5607 (2009)
- Mishra, A., "Fundamental signals that regulate eosinophil homing to the gastrointestinal tract", J. Clin. Invest, 103, pp.1719~1727 (1999)
- Dent, L. A., "Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5", J. Exp. Med, 172, pp.1425~1431 (1990)
- Foster, P. S., "Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, lung damage in a mouse asthma model", J. Exp. Med, 183, pp.195~201 (1996)
- Nussbaum, J. C., "Type 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophil homeostasis", Nature, 502, pp.245~248 (2013)
- Yu, C., "Targeted deletion of a highaffinity GATA-binding site in the GATA-1 promoter leads to selective loss of the eosinophil lineage in vivo", J. Exp. Med, 195, pp.1387~1395 (2002)
- Lee, J. J., "Defining a link with asthma in mice congenitally deficient in eosinophils", Science, 305, pp.1773~1776 (2004)
- Chu, V. T., "Eosinophils promote generation and maintenance of immunoglobulin-A-expressing plasma cells and contribute to gut immune homeostasis", Immunity, 40, pp.582~593 (2014)
- Sugawara, R., "Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing Il-1 receptor antagonist", J. Exp. Med, 213, pp.555~567 (2016)
- Wu, D., "Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis", Science, 332, pp.243~247 (2011)
- Qiu, "Eosinophils and type 2 cyotkine signaling in macrophages orchestrate development of functional beige fat", Cell, 157, pp.1292~1308 (2014)
- Slims, J. E., "The IL-1 family: regulators of immunity", Nat. Rev. Immunol, 10, pp.89~102 (2010)
- Casini-Raggi, V., "Mucosal imbalance of IL-1and IL-1 receptor antagonist in inflammatory bowel disease. A novel mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation", J. Immunol, 154, pp.2434~2440 (1995)
- Nakae, S., "IL-17 production from activated T cells is required for the spontaneous development of destructive arthritis in mice deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp.5986~5990 (2003)
- Koenders, M. I., "Interleukin-1 drives pathogenic Th17 cells during spontaneous arthritis in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice", Arthritis Rheum, 58, pp.3461~3470 (2008)
- Shaw, M., "Microbiota-induced IL-1b, but not IL-6, is critical for the development of steady-state TH17 cells in the intestine", J. Exp. Med, 209, pp.251~258 (2012)
- Chu, D. K., "Indigenous enteric eosinophils contraol DCs to initiate a primary Th2 immune response in vivo", J. Exp. Med, 211, pp.1657~1672 (2014)
- El-Behi, M., "The encephalitogenicity of TH17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF", Nat. Immunol, 12, pp.568~575 (2011)
- Griseri, T., "Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-activated eosinophils promote interleukin-23 drive chronic colitis", Immunity, 43, pp.187~199 (2015)
- Fagarasan, S., "Adaptive immune regulation in the gut: T cell-dependent and T cell-independent IgA synthesis", Annu. Rev. Immunol, 28, pp.243~273 (2010)
- Cazac, B. B., "TGF-b receptor controls B cell responsiveness and induction of IgA in vivo", Immunity, 13, pp.443~451 (2000)
- Dullaers, M., "A T celldependent mechanism for the induction of human mucosal homing immunoglobulin A-secreting plasmablasts", Immunity, 30, pp.120~129 (2009)
- Cassese, G., "Plasma cell survival is mediated by synergistic effects of cytokines and adhesion-dependent signals", J. Immunol, 171, pp.1684~1690 (2003)
- Chu, V. T., "Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow", Nat. Immunol, 12, pp.151~159 (2011)
- Jung, Y., "IL-1b in eosinophilmediated small intestinal homeostasis and IgA production", Mucosal Immunol, 8, pp.930~942 (2015)
- Yousefi, S., "Catapult-like release of mitochondrial DNA by eosinophils contributes to antibacterial defense", Nat. Med, 14, pp.949~953 (2008)
- Donath, M. Y., "Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease", Nat. Rev. Immunol, 11, pp.98~107 (2011)
- Lackey, D. E., "Regulation of metabolism by the innate immune system", Nat. Rev. Endocrinol, 12, pp.15~28 (2016)
- Molofsky, A. B., "Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages", J. Exp. Med, 210, pp.535~549 (2013)
- Brestoff, J. R., "Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote beiging of white adipose tissue and limit obesity", Nature, 519, pp.242~246 (2015)
- Lee, S. D., "Eosinophils in fat : pink is the new brown", Cell, 157, pp.1249~1250 (2014)
- Harms, M., "Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential", Nat. Med, 19, pp.1252~1263 (2013)
- Bartelt, A., "Adipose tissue browning and metabolic health", Nat. Rev. Endocrinol, 10, pp.24~36 (2014)
- Rao, R. R., "Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis", Cell, 157, pp.1279~1291 (2014)
- Winer, D. A., "The intestinal immune system in obesity and insulin resistance", Cell Metab, 23, pp.413~426 (2016)
- Turnbaugh, P. J., "An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest", Nature, 444, pp.1027~1031 (2006)
- Suárez-Zamorano, N., "Microbiota depletion promotes browning of white adipose tissue and reduces obesity", Nat. Med, 21, pp.1497~1501 (2015)
- Lee, H. S., "Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai upregulates eosinophils and suppresses Th1 and Th17 cells in the small intestine", PLoS One, 8, pp.e76716~ (2013)