Using metaphorical techniques in focus groups to uncover mothers’ feelings about family meals
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Traditional nutrition education has not been shown to consistently produce behavior change. While it has been suggested that using emotion-based messages may be a better way to influence nutrition behavior change, this has not been well tested. Producing emotion-based messages is a multi-step process that begins with exploring subconscious barriers to behavior change rather than the more obvious and typically reported barriers. The purpose of this research was to uncover the emotional reasons, sometimes referred to as emotional pulse points, for mothers’ choosing or not choosing to have more family meals. This would then serve as the first step to developing emotion-based messages promoting the benefits of family meals. Five focus group interviews were conducted with 51 low-income Black (n=28) and white (n=23) mothers. Metaphorical techniques were used to determine underlying feelings toward family and family meals. Discussions were video-taped, transcribed, and manually analyzed using a content-driven, immersion/crystallization approach to qualitative data analysis. Four themes emerged around the definition of family: acceptance, sharing, chaos, and protective/loyal. Some mothers felt mealtime was merely obligatory, and described it as stressful. Some reported a preference for attending to their own needs instead of sitting down with their children, while others felt that mealtime should be used to interact with and educate children and felt guilty when they were not able to provide family meals. Three themes emerged around feelings towards having or not having family meals: unimportant, important, and guilty. When explored further, mothers indicated that using the feeling of guilt to encourage family meals might be effective. Data obtained are being used to develop innovative, emotion-based messages that will be tested for effectiveness in promoting family meals.
Abstract
Traditional nutrition education has not been shown to consistently produce behavior change. While it has been suggested that using emotion-based messages may be a better way to influence nutrition behavior change, this has not been well tested. Producing emotion-based messages is a multi-step process that begins with exploring subconscious barriers to behavior change rather than the more obvious and typically reported barriers. The purpose of this research was to uncover the emotional reasons, sometimes referred to as emotional pulse points, for mothers’ choosing or not choosing to have more family meals. This would then serve as the first step to developing emotion-based messages promoting the benefits of family meals. Five focus group interviews were conducted with 51 low-income Black (n=28) and white (n=23) mothers. Metaphorical techniques were used to determine underlying feelings toward family and family meals. Discussions were video-taped, transcribed, and manually analyzed using a content-driven, immersion/crystallization approach to qualitative data analysis. Four themes emerged around the definition of family: acceptance, sharing, chaos, and protective/loyal. Some mothers felt mealtime was merely obligatory, and described it as stressful. Some reported a preference for attending to their own needs instead of sitting down with their children, while others felt that mealtime should be used to interact with and educate children and felt guilty when they were not able to provide family meals. Three themes emerged around feelings towards having or not having family meals: unimportant, important, and guilty. When explored further, mothers indicated that using the feeling of guilt to encourage family meals might be effective. Data obtained are being used to develop innovative, emotion-based messages that will be tested for effectiveness in promoting family meals.
참고문헌 (26)
- Anderson PM, "Childhood obesity: Trends and potential causes", Future Child, 16, pp.19~45 (2006)
- Biener L, "Adults' response to Massachusetts anti-tobacco television advertisements: Impact of viewer and ad characteristics", Tobacco Control, 9, pp.401~407 (2000)
- Bystedt J, "Moderating to the Max: A Full-tilt Guide to Creative Insightful Focus Groups and In-Depth Interviews", pp.10~17 (2003), Paramount Market Publishing Inc.
- "Family meals"[URL]
- Crabtree BF, "Doing Qualitative Research", pp.179~194 (1999), Sage Publications Inc
- de Pee S, "Impact of a social marketing campaign promoting dark-green leafy vegetables and eggs in Central Java", Int J Vit Nutr Res, 68, pp.389~398 (1998)
- Eisenberg ME, "Correlations between family meals and psychosocial well-being among adolescents", Arch Pediatr Adolesct Med, 158, pp.792~796 (2004)
- Farrelly MC, "Getting to the truth: Evaluating national tobacco countermarketing campaigns", Am J Public Health, 92, pp.901~907 (2002)
- Gable S, "Television watching and frequency of family meals are predictive of overweight onset and persistence in a national sample of school-aged children", J Am Diet Assoc, 107, pp.53~61 (2007)
- Gillman MW, "Family dinner and diet quality among older children and adolescents", Arch Fam Med, 9, pp.235~240 (2000)
- "Share family meals"[URL]
- Johnson B, "EducationalResearch: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches" (2004), Allyn and Bacon
- King KA, "Smokers’ willingness to protect children from secondhand smoke", Am Health Behav, 2, pp.554~563 (2003)
- Krueger RA, "Analyzing & reporting focus group results. In The Focus Group Kit", pp.17~29 (1998), Sage Publications Inc
- "Family mealtime - A tradition that isn’ being skipped"[URL]
- Lindenberger JH, "Promoting breastfeeding in the WIC Program: A social marketing case study", Am J Health Behav, 24, pp.53~60 (2000)
- "Family Nutrition Program. Starkville, MS"[URL]
- Neumark-Sztainer D, "Family meal patterns: Association with sociodemographic characteristics and improved dietary intake among adolescents", J Am Diet Assoc, 103, pp.317~322 (2003)
- Peterson M, "Marketing physical activity: Lessons learned from a statewide media campaign", Health Promot Pract, 6, pp.437~446 (2005)
- Prentice-Dunn S, "Effects of persuasive message order on coping with breast cancer information", Health Educ Res, 16, pp.81~84 (2001)
- "The Importance of Family Dinners III"[URL]
- Verrall T, "Community-based communication strategies to promote infant iron nutrition in Northern Canada", Int J Circumpolar Health, 65, pp.65~78 (2006)
- "Family meals"[URL]
- Winkleby MA, "Joint analysis of three U.S. community intervention trials for reduction of cardiovascular disease risk", J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp.645~658 (1997)
- Wolin SJ, "Family rituals", Family Process, 2, pp.401~420 (1984)
- Zaltman G, "How Customers Think; Essential Insights Into the Mind of the Market", pp.47~50 (2003), Harvard Business School Press