Baicalein and Baicalin from the Radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Inhibits Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis via its Antioxidant Activity
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this study, we evaluated and compared the protective effects of two major constituents, baicalein and baicalin, against oxidative DNA and cell damages caused by hydroxyl radical. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays and Fe2+ chelating assay. φX 174 RFI plasmid DNA and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative DNA damage. Also, MTT and lipid peroxidation assays were used to evaluate their protective effects against oxidative cell damage. Both baicalein and baicalin prevented intracellular DNA and cells from oxidative damage caused by hydroxyl radical via antioxidant activities. Baicalein demonstrated a stronger antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH radicals and chelating Fe2+ while baicalin scavenged hydroxyl radicals more efficiently. The differences in the level of baicalein and baicalin pose a different pathological pathway for each. The antioxidant activity of baicalin was due to its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical whilst baicalein was a stronger Fe2+ chelator. Further investigation to compare the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activities of baicalein and baicalin is vital to anticancer research.
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated and compared the protective effects of two major constituents, baicalein and baicalin, against oxidative DNA and cell damages caused by hydroxyl radical. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays and Fe2+ chelating assay. φX 174 RFI plasmid DNA and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative DNA damage. Also, MTT and lipid peroxidation assays were used to evaluate their protective effects against oxidative cell damage. Both baicalein and baicalin prevented intracellular DNA and cells from oxidative damage caused by hydroxyl radical via antioxidant activities. Baicalein demonstrated a stronger antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH radicals and chelating Fe2+ while baicalin scavenged hydroxyl radicals more efficiently. The differences in the level of baicalein and baicalin pose a different pathological pathway for each. The antioxidant activity of baicalin was due to its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical whilst baicalein was a stronger Fe2+ chelator. Further investigation to compare the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activities of baicalein and baicalin is vital to anticancer research.
참고문헌 (32)
- Armitage,P., "The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis", Br. J. Cancer, 8, pp.1~12 (1954)
- Balaban,R.S., "Mitochondria, oxidants and aging", Cell, 120, pp.483~495 (2005)
- Barja,G, "Free radicals and aging", Trends Neurosci., 27, pp.595~600 (2004)
- Barreto,R., "Metal-induced oxidative damage in cultured hepatocytes and hepatic lysosomal fraction: beneficial effect of a curcumin", absinthium compound, 2005, pp.6, 31~36
- Benzie,I.F.F, "Evolution of antioxidant defence mechanisms", Eur. J. Nutr., 39, pp.53~61 (2000)
- Bokov,A., "The role of oxidative damage and stress in aging", Mech. Ageing Dev., 125, pp.811~826 (2004)
- Cai,Q, "Effect of dietary genistein antioxidant enzyme activities in SENCAR mice", Nutr. Cancer, 25, pp.1~7 (1996)
- Chaudhary,A.K., "Detection of endogenous malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adducts in human liver", Science, 265, pp.1580~1582 (1994)
- Cho,E.S.,and, "Cocoa procyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of p38 MAPK and JNK", Mutat. Res., 640, pp.123~130 (2008)
- Esposito E., "M. Cacchio and S. Algeri. 2002. A review of specific dietary antioxidants and the effects on biochemical mechanisms to neurodegenerative processes", Neurobiol. Aging, 23, pp.719~735 (2002)
- Esterbauer,H., "Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation and Cancer", Academic Press, 101~128 (1982)
- Ghosal,D., "How radiation kills cells: survival of Deinococcus radiodurans and Shewanella oneidensis under oxidative stress", FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 29, pp.361~375 (2005)
- Grisham,M.B, "Reactive oxygen metabolism. In: Grisham M.B., ed. Reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen in biology and medicine", Austin: RG Landers Company., 39~ (1992)
- Guo, M., "Dalton Trans", 4951-4961., 4951~4961 (2007)
- Han, J., "Characterization of flavonoids in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine-Hangqin by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry", J. Chrom. B, 848, pp.355~362 (2006)
- Hus,B., "Antioxidant activity of hot water EtOAC extract from the fruit of the Doum palm. Hyphaene thebaica", Food Chem., 98, pp.317~328 (2006)
- Jung,Y, "Oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity unduced by copper-stimulated redox cycling of salsolinol, a neurotoxic tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid", Free Radic. Biol. Med., 30, pp.1407~1417 (2001)
- Kang,K.A., "Eckol isolated from Ecklonia cava attenuates oxidative stress induced cell damage in lung fibroblast cells", FEBS Lett., 579, pp.6295~6304 (2005)
- Kang,K.A., "Protective effect of irisolidone, a metabolite of kakkalide, against hydrogen peroxide induced cell damage via antioxidant effect", Bioorgan. Med. Chem., 16, pp.1133~1141 (2008)
- Li,H.B., "Separation methods used for Scutellaria baicalensis active components", J. Chrom. B, 812, pp.277~290 (2004)
- Li,Y., "Oxidation of hydroquinone by copper: chemical mechanism and biological effects", Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 300, pp.346~355 (1993)
- Lloyd,R.V., "The origin of the hydroxyl radical oxygen in the Fenton reaction", Free Radic. Biol. Med., 22, pp.885~888 (1997)
- Morel,I, "Antioxidant and iron- chelating activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin and diosmetin on iron-loaded rat hepatocyte cultures", Biochem. Pharmacol., 45, pp.13~19 (1993)
- Moriwaki,H., "Effect of mixing ions on oxidative DNA damage mediated by a Fentontype reduction", Toxicol. in Vitro., 22, pp.36~44 (2008)
- Namba,T, "Coloured Illustrations of Wakan-Yaku", pp.152~ (1993), Hoikusha
- Pietta,P.G, "Flavonoids as antioxidants", J. Nat. Prod., 63, pp.1035~1042 (2000)
- Powell,C.L., "Expression of base excision DNA repair genes as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage", Cancer Lett., 229, pp.1~11 (2005)
- Schwarz,S.M., "On the role of superoxide anion radicals in skin tumour promotion", Carcinogenesis, 5, pp.1663~1670 (1984)
- Smirnoff,N., "Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes", Phytochemistry, 28, pp.1057~1060 (1989)
- Stohs,S.J., "Oxidative mechanism in the toxicity of metal ions", Free Radic. Biol. Med., 18, pp.321~336 (1995)
- Sudheesh S., "Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Solanum melongena", Phytother. Res., 13, pp.393~396 (1999)
- Vaca,C.E., "Interaction of lipid peroxidation products with DNA", A review. Mutat. Res., 195, pp.137~149 (1988)