黃芩과 구성 화합물의 약리작용에 대한 고찰
Review of Pharmacological Effects of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Its Bioactive Compounds
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective : Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herb in traditional medicine. It is also useful for its practicability to cultivate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to researches and applications of scutellaria baicalensis by analyzing and reviewing international researches on the compositions and the effects of scutellaria baicalensis. Methods : This study analyzed 146 articles from PubMed by searching with the keyword “Scutellaria baicalensis”, “Huang quin”, “Baical Skullcap”, “Huang qin”, “baical skullcap root”, “ogon”, “Hwanggeum”and “Hwangkeum”, published within the last 10 years(from 2000 to 2009). We reviewed the 146 articles on Scutellaria baicalensis and its active constituents in terms of ‘Active constituents’, ‘Experimental studies’, ‘Clinical studies’, ‘Drug interaction’, ‘Side Effects/Toxicity’ and ‘Pharmacokinetics’. Results : The active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis are flavonoids such as baicalein, baicalin,wogonin and oroxylin-A. It is reported that scutellaria baicalensis and its active compounds have antiinflammatory activity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiviral and antibiotic activity, neuroprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects and cardiovascular effect. Conclusions : This study is aimed to summarize the results obtained within the last 10 years and to contribute to following researches and applications of Scutellaria baicalensis.
Abstract
Objective : Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herb in traditional medicine. It is also useful for its practicability to cultivate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to researches and applications of scutellaria baicalensis by analyzing and reviewing international researches on the compositions and the effects of scutellaria baicalensis. Methods : This study analyzed 146 articles from PubMed by searching with the keyword “Scutellaria baicalensis”, “Huang quin”, “Baical Skullcap”, “Huang qin”, “baical skullcap root”, “ogon”, “Hwanggeum”and “Hwangkeum”, published within the last 10 years(from 2000 to 2009). We reviewed the 146 articles on Scutellaria baicalensis and its active constituents in terms of ‘Active constituents’, ‘Experimental studies’, ‘Clinical studies’, ‘Drug interaction’, ‘Side Effects/Toxicity’ and ‘Pharmacokinetics’. Results : The active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis are flavonoids such as baicalein, baicalin,wogonin and oroxylin-A. It is reported that scutellaria baicalensis and its active compounds have antiinflammatory activity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiviral and antibiotic activity, neuroprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects and cardiovascular effect. Conclusions : This study is aimed to summarize the results obtained within the last 10 years and to contribute to following researches and applications of Scutellaria baicalensis.
참고문헌 (171)
- 전국한의과대학 공통교재편찬위원회, "본초학", pp.216~219 (2008), 영림사
- Li-Weber M, "New therapeutic aspects of flavones : The anticancer properties of scutellaria and its main active constituents wogonin, baicalein and baicalin", Cancer Treat Rev, 35, pp.57~68 (2009)
- 변에리사, "천연물신약 개발을 위한 기초연구", 석사, pp.2009
- 한양방 협력연구 기반 조성을 위한 연구: 한의약 R&D 역량 향상을 중심으로, "국무조정실 의료산업발전기획단", 국무조정실 의료산업발전기획단, ~ (2006)
- Chevallier Andrew, "Encyclopedia of herbal medicine(2nd American ed.)", pp.134~ (2000), DK Pub
- Bensky, Dan, "Chinese herbal medicine-Materia Medica(3rd ed.)", pp.131~134 (2004), Eastland Press
- "전통동양약물 데이타베이스"[URL]
- 김창민, "中藥大辭典(제3권)", pp.5001~5009 (1997), 정담출판사
- Hong T, "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalein on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice", Planta Med, 68, pp.268~271 (2002)
- Leung HW, "Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase during baicalein-induced human lung nonsmall carcinoma H460 cell apoptosis", Food Chem Toxicol, 45, pp.403~411 (2007)
- Cheng PY, "Protective effect of baicalein against endotoxic shock in rats in vivo and in vitro", Biochem Pharmacol, 73, pp.793~804 (2007)
- Li FQ, "Inhibition of microglial activation by the herbal flavonoid baicalein attenuates inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons", J Neural Transm, 112, pp.331~347 (2005)
- Krakauer T, "The flavonoid baicalin inhibits superantigeninduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines", FEBS Lett, 500, pp.52~55 (2001)
- Chan FL, "Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by a flavonoid, baicalin", Cancer Lett, 160, pp.219~228 (2000)
- Li BQ, "Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 276, pp.534~538 (2000)
- Jang SI, "Hepatoprotective effect of baicalin, a major flavone from scutellaria radix, on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice", Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 25, pp.585~594 (2003)
- Tarrago T, "Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor", Bioorg Med Chem, 16, pp.7516~7524 (2008)
- Liu W, "MAC-related mitochondrial pathway in oroxylin-Ainduced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells", Cancer Lett, 284, pp.198~207 (2009)
- Huang WH, "Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of polyhydroxyflavonoids of scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI", Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 70, pp.2371~2380 (2006)
- Kim DH, "Effect of the flavonoid, oroxylin A, on transient cerebral hypoperfusion-induced memory impairment in mice", PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR, 85, pp.658~668, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- 임병우, "Efficacy of wogonin in the production of immunoglobulins and cytokines by mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes in mouse colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium", Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 68(12), pp.2505~2511, Japan Society for Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry[DOI]
- Baumann S, "Wogonin preferentially kills malignant lymphocytes and suppresses T-cell tumor growth by inducing PLCgamma1- and Ca2+-dependent apoptosis", Blood, 111, pp.2354~2363 (2008)
- Huang GC, "Wogonin but not norwogonin inhibits lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid-induced iNOS gene expression and NO production in macrophages", IntImmunopharmacol, 7, pp.1054~1063 (2007)
- Lee H, "Flavonoid wogonin from medicinal herb is neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammatory activation of microglia", FASEB J, 17, pp.1943~1944 (2003)
- 임병우, "Effects of wogonin, wogonoside,- and 3,5,7,2 ',6 '-pentahydroxyflavone on chemical mediator production in peritoneal exduate cells and immunoglobulin E of rat mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes", JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, 84(1), pp.23~29, ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
- Park EJ, "Skullcapflavone I from scutellaria baicalensis induces apoptosis in activated rat hepatic stellate cells", Planta Med, 71, pp.885~887 (2005)
- Yoon SB, "Anti-inflammatory effects of scutellaria baicalensis water extract on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages", J Ethnopharmacol, 125, pp.286~290 (2009)
- Kim EH, "Anti-inflammatory effects of scutellaria baicalensis extract via suppression of immune modulators and MAP kinase signaling molecules", J Ethnopharmacol, 126, pp.320~331 (2009)
- Chen CS, "Effects of scutellariae radix on gene expression in HEK 293 cells using cDNA microarray", J Ethnopharmacol, 105, pp.346~351 (2006)
- Zeng Y, "Baicalin reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", Braz J Med Biol Res, 40, pp.1003~1010 (2007)
- Zhu G, "Inhibitory effect of flavonoid baicalin on degranulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by interleukin-8 : Potential role in periodontal diseases", J Ethnopharmacol, 109, pp.325~330 (2007)
- Cai X, "Protective effects of baicalin on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats", J Periodontal Res, 43, pp.14~21 (2008)
- Xiping Z, "Baicalin protects thymus of rats with severe acute pancreatitis", Inflammation, 33, pp.157~165 (2010)
- Zhang X, "Protective effects of baicalin and octreotide on intestinal mucosa of rats with severe acute pancreatitis", Turk J Gastroenterol, 20, pp.108~115 (2009)
- Zhang X, "Effect of baicalin on inflammatory mediator levels and microcirculation disturbance in rats with severe acute pancreatitis", Pancreas, 38, pp.732~738 (2009)
- Lin L, "The anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin on hypoxia", reoxygenation and TNF-alpha induced injury in cultural rat cardiomyocytes, 2010, pp.24, 429~437
- Hsieh CJ, "Baicalein inhibits IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast cells via regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway", Clin Mol Allergy, 5, pp.5~ (2007)
- Sungjae Yoo, "Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Suppressed Carrageenan-Induced Fos-Expression and Inflammatory Pain Responses in the Rat", Molecules and Cells, 27(4), pp.417~422 (2009), 한국분자세포생물학회
- Chang YL, "Chinese herbal remedy wogonin inhibits monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells", Mol Pharmacol, 60, pp.507~513 (2001)
- Park S, "Preventive effect of the flavonoid, wogonin, against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats", Dig Dis Sci, 49, pp.384~394 (2004)
- Enomoto R, "Wogonin prevents glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis without diminishing its antiinflammatory action", J Pharmacol Sci, 104, pp.355~365 (2007)
- Enomoto R, "Wogonin prevents glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis without diminishing its antiinflammatory action", J Pharmacol Sci, 104, pp.355~365 (2007)
- Wang S, "Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of chinese medicinal herbal extracts", Life Sci, 74, pp.2467~2478 (2004)
- Zhang DY, "Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by scutellaria baicalensis", Cancer Res, 63, pp.4037~4043 (2003)
- Ye F, "Molecular mechanism of antiprostate cancer activity of scutellaria baicalensis extract", Nutr Cancer, 57, pp.100~110 (2007)
- Ye F, "Anticancer activity of scutellaria aicalensis and its potential mechanism", J Altern Complement Med, 8, pp.567~572 (2002)
- Kumagai T, "Scutellaria baicalensis, a herbal medicine : Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity against acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma cell lines", Leuk Res, 31, pp.523~530 (2007)
- Chuang HN, "Enhancing effects of scutellaria baicalensis and some of its constituents on TGFbeta1 gene expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line", Planta Med, 71, pp.440~445 (2005)
- Murashima T, "Proliferation of estrogenresponsive mouse tumor cell line B-1F stimulated by saiboku-to, but inhibited by scutellaria baicalensis, a component of saiboku-to", Oncol Rep, 22, pp.257~264 (2009)
- Yoo HH, "In vitro cytotoxic activity of some korean medicinal plants on human cancer cell lines : Enhancement in cytotoxicity by heat processing", Phytother Res, 21, pp.900~903 (2007)
- Wang J, "Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells", Int J Mol Med, 14, pp.627~632 (2004)
- Li YC, "Baicalein-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress through elevations of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria dependent pathway in mouserat hybrid retina ganglion cells(N18)", Neurochem Res, 34, pp.418~429 (2009)
- Chang WH, "Different effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin on mitochondrial function, glutathione content and cell cycle progression in human hepatoma cell lines", Planta Med, 68, pp.128~132 (2002)
- Bonham M, "Characterization of chemical constituents in scutellaria baicalensis with antiandrogenic and growth-inhibitory activities toward prostate carcinoma", Clin Cancer Res, 11, pp.3905~3914 (2005)
- Miocinovic R, "In vivo and in vitro effect of baicalein on human prostate cancer cells", Int J Oncol, 26, pp.241~246 (2005)
- Agarwal S, "Inhibition of 12-LOX and COX-2 reduces the proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma cells(A431) by modulating the ERK and PI3K-akt signalling pathways", Exp Dermatol, 18, pp.939~946 (2009)
- Wang J, "Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells", Int J Mol Med, 14, pp.627~632 (2004)
- Chou DS, "Baicalein induces proliferation inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells by generating reactive oxygen species via 12-lipoxygenase", Free Radic Biol Med, 46, pp.1197~1203 (2009)
- Kuo HM, "Mitochondrial-dependent caspase activation pathway is involved in baicalein-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma J5 cells", Int J Oncol, 35, pp.717~724 (2009)
- Hsu SL, "Baicalein induces a dual growth arrest by modulating multiple cell cycle regulatory molecules", Eur J Pharmacol, 425, pp.165~171 (2001)
- Peng CY, "Baicalein attenuates intimal hyperplasia after rat carotid balloon injury through arresting cell-cycle progression and inhibiting ERK, akt, and NFkappaB activity in vascular smooth-muscle cells", Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 378, pp.579~588 (2008)
- Liu JJ, "Baicalein and baicalin are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis : Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation", Int J Cancer, 106, pp.559~565 (2003)
- Shieh DE, "Baicalin-induced apoptosis is mediated by bcl-2-dependent, but not p53-dependent, pathway in human leukemia cell lines", Am J Chin Med, 34, pp.245~261 (2006)
- Lu HF, "ROS mediates baicalin-induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells through the expression of the Gadd153 and mitochondrial-dependent pathway", Anticancer Res, 27, pp.117~125 (2007)
- Zhou QM, "The combination of baicalin and baicalein enhances apoptosis via the ERK", p38 MAPK pathway in human breast cancer cells, 2009, pp.30, 1648~1658
- Himeji M, "Difference of growth-inhibitory effect of scutellaria baicalensis-producing flavonoid wogonin among human cancer cells and normal diploid cell", Cancer Lett, 245, pp.269~274 (2007)
- Sonoda M, "Cytotoxic activities of flavonoids from two scutellaria plants in chinese medicine", J Ethnopharmacol, 91, pp.65~68 (2004)
- Zhang K, "Wogonin induces the granulocytic differentiation of human NB4 promyelocytic leukemia cells and upregulates phospholipid scramblase 1 gene expression", Cancer Sci, 99, pp.689~695 (2008)
- Yang L, "Wogonin induces G1 phase arrest through inhibiting Cdk4 and cyclin D1 concomitant with an elevation in p21Cip1 in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells", Biochem Cell Biol, 87, pp.933~942 (2009)
- Lee E, "Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by wogonin is involved with the potentiation of etoposideinduced apoptosis in cancer cells", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1171, pp.132~136 (2009)
- Lee DH, "Reactive oxygen species up-regulate p53 and puma ; a possible mechanism for apoptosis during combined treatment with TRAIL and wogonin", Br J Pharmacol, 157, pp.1189~1202 (2009)
- Rushworth SA, "Molecular crosstalk between TRAIL and natural antioxidants in the treatment of cancer", Br J Pharmacol, 157, pp.1186~1188 (2009)
- Li HN, "Apoptosis induction of oroxylin A in human cervical cancer HeLa cell line in vitro and in vivo", Toxicology, 257, pp.80~85 (2009)
- Mu R, "Involvement of p53 in oroxylin A-induced apoptosis in cancer cells", Mol Carcinog, 48, pp.1159~1169 (2009)
- Wang HW, "Reversal of inflammation-associated dihydrodiol dehydrogenases( AKR1C1 and AKR1C2) overexpression and drug resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells by wogonin and chrysin", Int J Cancer, 120, pp.2019~2027 (2007)
- Gao Z, "Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of scutellaria baicalensis georgi", Biochim Biophys Acta, 1472, pp.643~650 (1999)
- Shao ZH, "Baicalein attenuates oxidant stress in cardiomyocytes", Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 282, pp.H999~H1006 (2002)
- Choi J, "Flavones from scutellaria baicalensis georgi attenurgi apoptcais and Gragiin oxidation in neuranal cell lines", Biochim Biophys Acta, 1571, pp.201~210 (2002)
- Schinella GR, "Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts", Life Sci, 70, pp.1023~1033 (2002)
- Chen HH, "Inhibition of cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 secretion by baicalein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells", Planta Med, 72, pp.1318~1321 (2006)
- Piao HZ, "Wogonin inhibits microglial cell migration via suppression of nuclear factorkappa B activity", Int Immunopharmacol, 8, pp.1658~1662 (2008)
- Wozniak D, "Antimutagenic and antiradical properties of flavones from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis georgi", Nahrung, 48, pp.9~12 (2004)
- Lu N, "Nitrite-glucoseglucose oxidase system directly induces rat heart homogenate oxidation and tyrosine nitration : Effects of some flavonoids", Toxicol In Vitro, 23, pp.627~633 (2009)
- Bing-Rong Z, "Protective effect of the Baicalin against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet B irradiation to mouse epidermis", Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed, 24(4), pp.175~182 (2008)
- Zhou BR, "Mitigation of acute ultraviolet B radiation-mediated damages by baicalin in mouse skin", Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 25, pp.250~258 (2009)
- Chen X, "Baicalin promoted the repair of DNA single strand breakage caused by H2O2 in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts", Biol Pharm Bull, 26, pp.282~284 (2003)
- Kim DH, "Cytoprotective mechanism of baicalin against endothelial cell damage by peroxynitrite", J Pharm Pharmacol, 57, pp.1581~1590 (2005)
- Shang YZ, "Prevention of oxidative injury by flavonoids from stems and leaves of scutellaria baicalensis georgi in PC12 cells", Phytother Res, 20, pp.53~57 (2006)
- Gao Z, "Protective effects of flavonoids in the roots of scutellaria baicalensis georgi against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HSSY5Y cells", Pharmacol Res, 43, pp.173~178 (2001)
- 한종현, "한방약리학", pp.137~138 (2004), 의성당
- Tezuka Y, "Screening of chinese herbal drug extracts for inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production and identification of an active compound of zanthoxylum bungeanum", J Ethnopharmacol, 77, pp.209~217 (2001)
- Lam TL, "A comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibition activities by the aqueous and mbyhanol extracts of chinese medicinal herbs", Life Sci, 67, pp.2889~2896 (2000)
- Wong KS, "In vitro antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of scutellaria baicalensis georgi root against candida albicans", Int J Antimicrob Agents, 34, pp.284~285 (2009)
- Schinella GR, "Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi growth by medical plant extracts", Fitoterapia, 73(7), pp.569~575 (2002)
- Kang BY, "Involvement of nuclear factorkappaB in the inhibition of interleukin-12 production from mouse macrophages by baicalein, a flavonoid in scutellaria baicalensis", Planta Med, 69, pp.687~691 (2003)
- Lee BH, "Baicalein : An in vitro antigenotoxic compound from scutellaria baicalensis", Planta Med, 66, pp.70~71 (2000)
- Dai Bao-Di, "Baicalein Induces Programmed Cell Death in Candida albicans", Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19(8), pp.803~809 (2009), 한국미생물·생명공학회
- Krakauer T, "The flavonoid baicalin inhibits superantigeninduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines", FEBS Lett, 500(1), pp.52~55 (2001)
- Hao H, "Baicalin suppresses expression of chlamydia pof case-like ahlamity factor in hep-2 cells infected by chlamydia trachomatis", Fitoterapia, 80, pp.448~452 (2009)
- Huang KL, "Therapeutic effects of baicalin on lipopolysaccharideinduced acute lung injury in rats", Am J Chin Med, 36, pp.301~311 (2008)
- Chen YC, "Wogonin, baicalin, and baicalein inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expressionsnase- 2 d by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and lipopolysaccharide", Biochem Pharmacol, 61, pp.1417~1427 (2001)
- Kaneko T, "Effect of scutellariae radix ingredients on prostaglandin E(2) production and COX-2 expression by LPS-activated macrophage", In Vivo, 23, pp.577~581 (2009)
- Jang S, "Wogonin inhibits osteoclast formation induced by lipopolysaccharide", Phytother Res, 24, pp.964~968 (2010)
- Kim BR, "Effect of an extract of t, Kroot of scutellaria baicalensis and its im KS. Efs on aim toxin B1 oxidizingensischrome P4en enzsmes", Planta Med, 67, pp.396~399 (2001)
- Chiu JH, "Tumor necrosis factor-producing activity of wogonin in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line", Planta Med, 68, pp.1036~1039 (2002)
- Van Dien M, "Protective effect of wogonin on endotoxin-induced lethal shock in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice", Microbiol Immunol, 45, pp.751~756 (2001)
- 김지현, "황금과 천마의 학습 및 기억에 미치는 영향", 대한한의학회지, 23(2), pp.313~326 (2002), 대한한의학회
- Song HR, "Scutellaria flavonoid supplementation reverses ageing-related cognitive impairment and neuronal changes in aged rats", Brain Inj, 23, pp.146~153 (2009)
- Heo H, "Memory improvement in ibotenic acid induced model rats by extracts of scutellaria baicalensis", J Ethnopharmacol, 12, pp.20~27 (2009)
- Shang YZ, "Improving effects of SSF on memory deficits and pathological changes of neural and immunological systems in senescent mice", Acta Pharmacol Sin, 22, pp.1078~1083 (2001)
- Shang YZ, "Effect of scutellaria flavonoids on KCNinduced damages in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells", Indian J Med Res, 127, pp.610~615 (2008)
- 이평재, "Cytoprotective effect of Scutellaria baicalensis in CA1 hippocampal neurons of rats after global cerebral ischemia", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), pp.183~188 (2001), Elsevier BV
- Tu XK, "Neuroprotective effect of baicalin in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia", Neurochem Res, 34, pp.1626~1634 (2009)
- Cheng Y, "Neuroprotective effect of baicalein against MPTP neurotoxicity : Behavioral, biochemical and immunohistochemical profile", Neurosci Lett, 441, pp.16~20 (2008)
- Heo HJ, "Potent inhibitory effect of flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis on amyloid beta protein-induced neurotoxicity", J AGR FOOD CHEM, 52 (13), pp.4128-4132~4132 (2004)
- Suk K, "Flavonoid baicalein attenuates activation-induced cell death of brain microglia", J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 305, pp.638~645 (2003)
- Zhang S, "Neuroprotective effect of baicalein on hydrogen peroxidemediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells", J Mol Neurosci, 40, pp.311~320 (2010)
- Kim DH, "The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice", NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY, 87, pp.536~546, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
- Piao HZ, "Wogonin inhibits microglial cell migration via suppression of nuclear factorkappa B activity", Int Immunopharmacol, 8, pp.1658~1662 (2008)
- Park HG, "Anticonvulsant effect of wogonin isolated from scutellaria baicalensiscalur", J Pharmacol, 574, pp.112~119 (2007)
- 이평재, "Neuroprotective effect of wogonin in hippocampal slice culture exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, 493, pp.99~102, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Bae HS, "Hepatoprotective activity of reduohanxiao-tang(yulnghansotang) is related to the inhibition of betaglucuronidase", Am J Chin Med, 31, pp.111~117 (2003)
- de Boer JG, "Protection against aflatoxin-B1-induced liver mutagenesis by scutellaria baicalensis", Mutat Res, 578, pp.15~22 (2005)
- Nan JX, "Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride in rats", J Pharm Pharmacol, 54, pp.555~563 (2002)
- Jang SI, "Hepatoprotective effect of baicalin, a major flavone from scutellaria radix, on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice", Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 25, pp.585~594 (2003)
- Huang Y, "Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system", Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord, 5, pp.177~184 (2005)
- Zhang Y, "Protective effect of flavonoids from scutellaria baicalensis georgi on cerebral ischemia injury", J Ethnopharmacol, 108, pp.355~360 (2006)
- Chen ZY, "Endothelium-dependent contraction and direct relaxation induced by baicalein in rat mesenteric artery", Eur J Pharmacol, 374, pp.41~47 (1999)
- Huang Y, "Inhibition of nitric oxide", cyclic GMP-mediated relaxation by purified flavonoids, baicalin and baicalein, in rat aortic rings, 2004, pp.67, 787~794
- Tu IH, "Baicalein protects chicken embryonic cardiomyocyte against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via mu- and delta- but not kappaopioid receptor signaling", Eur J Pharmacol, 588, pp.251~258 (2008)
- Woo AY, "Baicalein protects rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia", reoxygenation damage via a prooxidant mechanism, 2005, pp.65, 244~253
- Huang Y, "Baicalin-induced vascular response in rat mesenteric artery : Role of endothelial nitric oxide", Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 29, pp.721~724 (2002)
- Cheng KT, "Baicalin induces differential expression of cytochrome C oxidase in human lung H441 cell", J Agric Food Chem, 51, pp.7276~7279 (2003)
- Cheng KT, "Effects of baicalin on the gene expression of surfactant protein A(SP-A) in lung adenocarcinoma cell line H441", Planta Med, 69, pp.300~304 (2003)
- Chen CM, "Maternal baicalin treatment increases fetal lung surfactant phospholipids in rats", Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2011)
- Li MH, "Baicalin attenuates air embolisminduced acute lung injury in rat isolated lungs", Br J Pharmacol, 157, pp.244~251 (2009)
- Ma AT, "Protective effects of baicalin against bromocriptine induced abffecon in mice", Am J Chin Med, 37, pp.85~95 (2009)
- Shih HC, "In vitro study of the tocolytic effect of oroxylin A from scutellaria baicalensis root", J Biomed Sci, 16, pp.27~ (2009)
- Yoosik Yoon, "Baicalein Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation by Enhancing COX-2 Expression", Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(2), pp.145~153 (2006), 한국식품영양과학회
- Lee H, "Antiobesity Effect of Baicalin involves the Modulations of Proadipogenic and Antiadipogenic Regulators of the Adipogenesis Pathway", PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 23(11), pp.1615~1623, JOHN WILEY SONS LTD
- Kim DS, "Antiallergic herbal composition from scutellaria baicalensis and phyllostachys edulis", Planta Med, 76(7), pp.678~682 (2010)
- Aung HH, "Scutellaria baicalensis extract decreases cisplatin-induced pica in rats. Cancer Chemother", Pharmacol, 52(6), pp.453~458 (2003)
- Mehendale SR, "Effects of antioxidant herbs on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat-pica model", Am. J. Chin. Med, 32(6), pp.897~905 (2004)
- Lee S, "Schizandra chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis counter stress behaviors in mice. Phytother", Phytother. Res, 21(12), pp.1187~1192 (2007)
- 강신정, "Scutellariae radix extracts suppress ethanol-induced caspase-11 expression and cell death in N(2)a cells", MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH, 142(2), pp.139~145, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Kimura Y, "Effects of baicalein isolated from scutellaria baicalensis radix on adhesion molecule expression induced by thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells", Planta Med, 67, pp.331~334 (2001)
- Perez CA, "Iron-binding and anti-fenton properties of baicalein and baicalin", J Inorg Biochem, 103, pp.326~332 (2009)
- Lee MS, "Inhibition of VHR dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase activity by flavonoids isolated from scutellaria baicalensis : Structure-activity relationships", Planta Med, 68, pp.1063~1065 (2002)
- Oh WK, "Prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, and diethylstilbestrol in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer", J Clin Oncol, 22, pp.3705~3712 (2004)
- Levy RM, "Flavocoxid is as effective as naproxen for managing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in humans : A short-term randomized, double-blind pilot study", Nutr Res, 29, pp.298~304 (2009)
- Lai MY, "Significant decrease of cyclosporine bioavailability in rats caused by a decoction of t e roots of scutellaria baicalensis", Planta Med, 70, pp.132~137 (2004)
- Thurmann PA, "Interference of uzara glycosides in assays of digitalis glycosides", Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 42, pp.281~284 (2004)
- Yang DY, "Study on identification of wild and cultirated radix scutellariae in different growing years", Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 30, pp.1728~1735 (2005)
- Che QM, "Studies on metabolites of baicalin in human urine", Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 26, pp.768~769 (2001)
- Fan L, "Induction of cytochrome P450 2B6 activity by the herbal medicine baicalin as measured by bupropion hydroxylation", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 65, pp.403~409 (2009)
- Waisundara VY, "Scutellaria baicalensis enhances the anti-diabetic activity of metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats", Am J Chin Med, 36, pp.517~540 (2008)
- Liu IX, "Baicalin synergy with beta-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and other beta-lactam-resistant strains of S. aureus", J Pharm Pharmacol, 52, pp.361~366 (2000)
- 김창민, "中藥大辭典(제3권)", pp.5001~5009 (1997), 정담 출판사
- Berrens L, "Haemolytic complement consumption by parietaria pollen extracts in relation to peptidebound flavonoids", Cell Mol Life Sci, 53, pp.275~278 (1997)
- Qi Q, "Toxicological studies of wogonin in experimental animals", Phytother Res, 23, pp.417~422 (2009)
- Evans GO, "Biochemical assessment of cardiac function and damage in animal species. A review of the current approach of the academic, governmental and industrial institutions represented by the animal clinical chemistry association", J Appl Toxicol, 11, pp.15~21 (1991)
- Lai MY, "Comparison of metabolic pharmacokinetics of baicalin and baicalein in rats", J Pharm Pharmacol, 55, pp.205~209 (2003)
- Peng J, "Subchronic toxicity and plasma pharmacokinetic studies on wogonin, a natural flavonoid, in beagle dogs", J Ethnopharmacol, 124, pp.257~262 (2009)
- Lai MY, "Urinary pharmacokinetics of baicalein, wogonin and their glycosides after oral administration of scutellariae radix in humans", Biol Pharm Bull, 26, pp.79~83 (2003)
- Zhang L, "Kinetic difference of baicalin in rat blood and cerebral nuclei after intravenous administration of scutellariae radix extract", J Ethnopharmacol, 103, pp.120~125 (2006)
- Zhiyan J, "Ocular pharmacokinetic study on baicalin in lens of rabbits following intragastric administration", Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 248, pp.59~63 (2010)
- Young Hoon Kim, "Pharmacokinetics of Baicalein, Baicalin and Wogonin after Oral Administration of a Standardized Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis, PF-2405 in Rats", Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30(2), pp.260~265 (2007), 대한약학회
- Lu T, "Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin after oral administration of pure baicalin, radix scutellariae extract and huang-lian-jie-du-tang to rats", J Ethnopharmacol, 110, pp.412~418 (2007)
- Shi R, "Influence of coptis chinensis on pharmacokinetics of flavonoids after oral administration of radix scutellariae in rats", Biopharm Drug Dispos, 30, pp.398~410 (2009)
- Di B, "Pharmacokinetic comparisons of shuang-huang-lian with the different combinations of its constitutional herbs", J Ethnopharmacol, 107, pp.401~405 (2006)
- 천연물의약품의 현황과 전망, "성상현", 국제보건진흥원, ~ (2006)
