본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Webtoons Go Viral?: The Globalization Processes of Korean Digital Comics

0

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류한국어와문학

초록

This article explores the social, global, and technological conjuncture exemplified by the globalization processes of Korean webtoons—a portmanteau of Web and cartoon. Based on 12 interviews with a variety of actors working in the Korean webtoon industry, including publishers, agencies, and platform providers, this article discusses diverse global and local factors that articulate and complicate transnational media flows in the new media ecology. In this paper, I explain the driving forces behind the global expansion of Korean webtoons in terms of Korea’s small-scale domestic market, the growth of smartphone penetration, the emergence of a paid service model, and the rise of China’s pan-entertainment strategy. Focusing on the mutually constitutive relation between global and local, I also suggest interpreting Korean webtoons’ overseas expansion as an example of the disjunctive globalization process and decentralized transnational cultural power.

Abstract

This article explores the social, global, and technological conjuncture exemplified by the globalization processes of Korean webtoons—a portmanteau of Web and cartoon. Based on 12 interviews with a variety of actors working in the Korean webtoon industry, including publishers, agencies, and platform providers, this article discusses diverse global and local factors that articulate and complicate transnational media flows in the new media ecology. In this paper, I explain the driving forces behind the global expansion of Korean webtoons in terms of Korea’s small-scale domestic market, the growth of smartphone penetration, the emergence of a paid service model, and the rise of China’s pan-entertainment strategy. Focusing on the mutually constitutive relation between global and local, I also suggest interpreting Korean webtoons’ overseas expansion as an example of the disjunctive globalization process and decentralized transnational cultural power.

참고문헌 (48)

  1. Korea Creative Content Agency, "Statistics of Content Industry" (2016), KOCCA
  2. Korea Creative Content Agency, "Content Industry Trend of China: The 2016 Chinese Comics Industry" (2016), KOCCA
  3. "Research on Overseas Market and Industry for Comics" (2017)[URL]
  4. Korea Manhwa Contents Agency, "Overseas Comics Market Research" (2017), KOMACON
  5. "Card News of Comics Statistics in the First Half of 2017" (2017)[URL]
  6. "Evolution of Webtoon Platforms and the Future of the Korean Webtoon" (2013)[URL]
  7. "Webtoon Dreams of a Trillion-Won Market" (2015)[URL]
  8. Study on the Globalization Strategy of the Webtoon Platform, "National IT Industry Promotion Agency", NIPA, ~ (2017)
  9. "From Shelves to Screens: How Comics Monetize in Asia" (2016)[URL]
  10. Appadurai, Arjun, "Modernity at Large : Cultural Dimensions of Globalization" (1996), University of Minnesota Press
  11. Berndt, Jaqueline, "Comics Worlds and the World of Comics: Towards Scholarship on a Global Scale", pp.1~11 (2010), Kyoto Seika University, International Manga Research Center
  12. Brienza, Casey, "Books, Not Comics: Publishing Fields, Globalization, and Japanese Manga in the United States", Publishing Research Quarterly, 25(2), pp.101~117 (2009)
  13. Choi, Jinhee, "Awl Is Piercing Me and Society: Webtoon as a Popular Adult Education Tool in South Korea", Proceedings of the 8th Asian Diaspora Adult Education Pre-conference. (2016)
  14. "Snack Culture" (2014)[URL]
  15. "Prospects and Possibilities of Webtoon as Contents" (2014)[URL]
  16. Dorfman, Ariel, "How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic" (1975), International General
  17. 한창완, "웹툰의 영화화를 위한 스토리텔링 연구 : 웹툰 <이끼>의 스토리텔링을 중심으로", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 11(2), pp.186~194 (2011), 한국콘텐츠학회
  18. Iwabuchi, Koichi, "Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism" (2002), Duke University Press
  19. Jang, Wonho, "Webtoon as a New Korean Wave in the Process of Globalization", Kritika Kultura, 29, pp.168~187 (2017)
  20. "Transmedia Storytelling: Moving Characters from Books to Films to Video Games Can Make Them Stronger and More Compelling" (2003)[URL]
  21. Jenkins, Timothy, "Fieldwork and the Perception of Everyday Life", Man, 29(2), pp.433~455 (1994)
  22. 정규하, "웹툰에 나타난 새로운 표현형식에 관한 연구", 만화애니메이션연구, (17), pp.5~19 (2009), 한국만화애니메이션학회
  23. Jin, Dal Yong, "Digital Convergence of Korea’s Webtoons : Transmedia Storytelling", Communication Research and Practice, 1(3), pp.193~209 (2015)
  24. Jin, Dal Yong, "Snack Culture’s Dream of Big-Screen Culture: Korean Webtoons’ Transmedia Storytelling", International Journal of Communication, 13, pp.2094~2115 (2019)
  25. Kang, Tae-jin, "Strategies to Develop Global Platform with Popular Webtoon IP", 4th Industrial Revolution Webtoon IP and Platform Globalization Strategy Discussion Meeting (2017)
  26. Kelts, Roland, "Japanamerica : How Japanese Pop Culture Invaded the US" (2007), Palgrave Macmillan
  27. Kinder, Marsha, "Playing with Power in Movies, Television, and Video Games : From Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" (1991), University of California Press
  28. "Korean Webtoons Go Global with LINE" (2014)[URL]
  29. 이은경, "A Study on Kitschy Character istics and its Consumer s of Webtoon", 멀티미디어학회논문지, 18(8), pp.980~987 (2015), 한국멀티미디어학회[DOI]
  30. 이수지, "웹툰 2.0의 서비스 현황과 발전 방향: 사용자 인터페이스 변화와 멀티미디어 효과 적용을 중심으로", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 15(8), pp.96~108 (2015), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
  31. Lim, Cheng Tju, "Southeast Asian Comic Artists Invade USA!", SPAFA Journal, 17(1), pp.13~17 (2016)
  32. Off : The Transnational Popular Culture of Hong Kong, "Chinese Face", pp.2005, Lo, Kwai-Cheung
  33. "Chollian Established a Website for Comics" (2000)[URL]
  34. McCloud, Scott, "Understanding Comics : The Invisible Art" (1994), William Morrow
  35. McGray, Douglas, "Japan’s Gross National Cool", Foreign Policy, 130(1), pp.44~54 (2002)
  36. Morley, David, "Spaces of Identities: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes, and Cultural Boundaries" (1995), Routledge
  37. "South Korean Webtoons Taking Aim at US Market with Huffington Post as Partner" (2014)[URL]
  38. Comment and Analysis for Korean Domestic Webtoon Industry, "Park, Ji-hye", Korean Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade October, 18~27 (2017)
  39. Park, Seok-hwan, "Suggestions and Comments for Global Webtoon Industry", Paper presented at Globalization of Webtoon Conference (2017)
  40. "Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies" (2016)[URL]
  41. Rogers, Everett M., "Telenovelas : A Latin American Success Story", Journal of Communication, 35(4), pp.24~35 (1985)
  42. Schiller, Herbert, "Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), pp.13~28 (1991)
  43. Soares, Michael, "The Man of Tomorrow : Superman from American Exceptionalism to Globalization", Popular Culture, 48(4), pp.747~761 (2015)
  44. Straubhaar, Joseph D., "Beyond Media Imperialism : Assymetrical Interdependence and Cultural Proximity", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), pp.39~59 (1991)
  45. Suzuki, Shige, "Comics Worlds and the World of Comics: Towards Scholarship on a Global Scale", pp.67~84 (2010), Kyoto Seika University, International Manga Research Center
  46. "Webtoonguide: Webtoon Analysis Service" (2018)[URL]
  47. "Webtoon with an Audience of Over Twenty Million…Naver Hits its Stride in Overseas Market" (2014)[URL]
  48. Yoon, Sunghyuk, "Understanding User’s Behavior for Developing Webtoon Rating System Based on Laugh Reaction Sensing through Smartphone", Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference (2015)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (9건)