잡 크래프팅과 성과 간 관계에 대한 매개효과 : 일에 대한 심리적 태도를 중심으로
The Effects of Job Crafting on Work Outcomes: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Psychological States of Job
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초록
본 연구는 근로자의 자발적 직무수정 행동인 잡 크래프팅이 직무만족 및 직무성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 그 영향 관계에 대한 심리적 매커니즘을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 중국에 있는 7개 조직에서 얻은 389개의 데이터를 분석하였으며, 매개효과 검증을 위해 Baron과 Kenny(1986) 매개모형 검증방법과 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 과업에 대한 잡 크래프팅, 인지적 잡 크래프팅, 관계에 대한 잡 크래프팅이라는 세 가지 유형의 잡 크래프팅이 직무만족과 직무성과에 미치는 정의 영향은 일 유의미성, 일 책임감, 결과 파악감이라는 일에 대한 심리적 태도를 통해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 직무에 대한 근로자의 자발적 변화 행동은 개인의 일에 대한 심리적 태도를 변화시키고 이러한 심리적 태도 변화가 직무수행에 대한 중요한 동기부여 요인으로 작용함으로써 직무만족 및 직무성과를 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Researchers, for example, Wrzesniewski and Dutton (2001), recently introduced a new concept of job crafting and emphasis that job holder’s work experiences and attitudes could be influenced by their voluntary behavior. Following this model, this study aims to show the effects of employee’s voluntary job rearranging behavior on job related outcomes such as job performance and satisfaction. In particular, we focus on the mediating role of employee’s psychological states for work between three job crafting behavior and outcomes. The results show that job crafting behaviors increase job performance and satisfaction and that these effects came from the mediating function of meaningfulness of the work, responsibility for outcomes of the work, and knowledge of the actual results of the work activities. This implies that when employees craft physically and cognitively their working environment such as tasks and relations, they perceive value and meaning in their work and eventually attain a high level of job performance and satisfaction.
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