동아시아 민주주의 3국 시민들의 복지 태도 결정 요인에 대한 연구: 아시아 가치와 제도 신뢰의 영향을 중심으로
Asian Values, Institutional Trust and Welfare Attitude: Three East Asian Democracies
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이 글은 동아시아 민주주의 3국(한국, 대만, 일본) 시민들의 복지 태도 결정 요인에 대한 분석을 목적으로 하였다. 동아시아 3국은 급속한 경제 성장과 완만한 부의 분배를 같이 이룬 성장과 분배의 예외적인 조합으로 찬사를 받았던 대표적인 나라이다. 하지만 1997년 동아시아 경제 위기와 2007-2008년 세계 경제의 대침체를 겪으면서 성장과 분배가 결합되었던예외적인 축복은 더 이상 가능하지 않았다. 그렇다면 이러한 사회 경제적 변화와 함께 아시아 민주주의 3국의 복지 태도결정 요인에는 어떠한 변화가 발생했는가? 이 연구는 이러한 질문에 답하고자 한 것이다. 아시아 바로미터(Asian Barometer Survey, ABS)의 가장 최근 조사인 4차 조사를 이용하여 분석한 경험 분석 결과에 따르면, 아시아 가치(Asian Value)는 더 이상 과거와 같은 방식으로 시민들의 복지 태도를 결정하지 않는다는 것을 입증했다. 정부의 적극적인 복지 정책에 대한 시민들의 선호에서 아시아 가치는 세 국가를 관통하는 일관된 영향력을 미치지 않았다. 특히, 전통적으로 아시아 가치의 중심 요인으로 복지 제공자 역할을 했던 가족 중심주의는 변화된 사회 경제적 조건에서오히려 적극적인 정부 정책을 요구하는 역할을 했다. 시민들의 소득 분배 공정성에 대한 부정적인 평가는 동아시아 3국에서 모두 일관되게 정부의 적극적인 복지 정책에 대한 선호로 이어졌다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the significant determinant of the welfare attitude in three East Asian democracies. The three East Asian democracies, known as dramatic cases, had attained rapid economic success along with modest wealth distribution. However, since the mid-1990s and in particular after the global economic crisis in 2007-2008, Economic inequality became the most salient issues in these societies. With these socioeconomic changes, are there changing patterns in the determinant of the welfare attitude in these societies? Based on the latest wave of Asian Barometer S urvey, the empirical findings of this study provide strong evidence that Asian values do not play a significant determinant for welfare attitude in East Asian society. The three dimensions that measures Asian values do not exercise a consistent effect across the four models. Furthermore, the direction of familism as the determinant of welfare attitude was rather opposite to the expectation of the Asian value approach. Those who put family interest first are more likely to demand an active governmental role in dealing with equality. On the contrary, citizen’s evaluation of fairness of income distribution has consistent effects across the models. This study documented that the relationship between culture and welfare attitude is no invariant.
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