동아시아 복지레짐: 동아시아 신흥산업국들을 중심으로 본 발전주의 복지국가론의 유효성과 지속성 분석
East Asian Welfare Regimes: An Analysis about the Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Developmental Welfare State Model Focused on ANICs
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초록
이제까지 동아시아 복지국가 연구자들은 구체적 형식은 다를지라도 동아시아 지역 국가들의 복지 이념이나 양태에는 서구 산업국의 그것과는 다른 독특성이 있다는 점을 강조해 왔다. 그 가운데 하나로서 발전주의 국가복지론은 동아시아 국가들이 국가정책의 우선순위를 경제성장에 두어 왔고, 사회정책 또한 성장을 지지하는 방식으로 구성해 왔기 때문에 복지 수준이 위약하다고 결론짓고 있다. 그런데 이러한 가운데 근래 연구자들 사이에서 일부 국가들을 중심으로 사회정책 확대와 복지 강화 등 기존의 복지 양태에 중대한 변화가 나타나고 있다는 평가가 나오기 시작하였다. 그리고 그들은 이와 같은 변화를 촉발한 것이 지난 10-20년 사이에 역내 국가들이 경험해 온 민주화, 글로벌화, 동아시아 경제위기와 같은 대내외적 요인이라고 보았다. 따라서 이 글은 동아시아 신흥산업국들을 대상으로 이와 같은 요인들과 정부의 복지 관련 지출과의 관계를 실증적으로 분석함으로써 역내에서 발전주의 복지레짐론이 여전히 유효한지, 아니면 그러한 변화가 본질적이며 보다 일반적인 복지국가로의 전환을 예고하는지를 밝히고자 하고 있다.
Abstract
Researchers on East Asian welfare states has so far emphasized that the philosophy and patterns of welfare in East Asian region had different characteristic from those in industrialized Western countries. The welfare developmentalism which is one among several models to explain East Asian welfare regimes, has concluded that the welfare level of the countries within the region was weak because they put their policy priorities on economic development and thus formed social policies in the manner to support the growth. However, recently there have been some assessments among researchers that noticeable changes such as expansion of social policies and reinforcement of welfare benefits have occurred insome countries. And they thought the factors which caused such changes were things such as democratization, globalization and region-wide economic crisis which countries had experienced in the past one or two decades. Thus, this research is aims to find out empirically whether the welfare developmenalism is valid as ever in the face of challenging factors or the changes are heralding transition into a more general welfare regime by analyzing the relationships between explanatory variables above mentioned and welfare-related government expenditures by countries.
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