반둥에서 ‘일대일로(一帶一路)’까지: 냉전시기 중국의 아프리카 원조와 제3세계론
From Bandung to “One Belt One Road”: China’s Aid to Africa during the Cold War Era and Its Third World Conception
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이 글은 탈냉전 이래 중국의 전면적 세계전략의 청사진인 ‘일대일로(一帶一路)’가 냉전시대 ‘반둥담론’에서 ‘두 개의 중간지 대론[兩個中間地帶論]’, ‘3개 세계론(三個世界論)’으로 이어지는 중국의 세계인식이자 대외전략의 단절적 귀환이라는 주장 에서 출발한다. 이를 위해 냉전시대 미국과 소련 두 강대국 사이에서 중국이 독자적인 세계전략을 구상하고 그것을 이론 화하는 과정에 아프리카 원조의 경험이 실천적 뒷받침이 되었음을 논술하고, 그로부터 만들어진 ‘아시아-아프리카 연대’의 구호가 오늘날 ‘남남협력’ 및 ‘글로벌사우스’라는 이름으로 다시 소환되는 과정에서 발견되는 연속과 단절의 고리들을 통 해 ‘일대일로’를 사상적 차원에서 문제화하는 사유의 틀을 모색한다.
Abstract
This article posits that the origin of “One Belt One Road,” a blueprint for contemporary China’s comprehensive global strategy, dates back to China’s foreign aid to third-world countries as an international united front project during the Cold War era. After the Bandung Conference, Africa became the most critical area for China to compete over influence in the third world. China’s turbulent experience in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s played a significant role in designing its world strategic lines from “Intermediate Zone Theory,” “Two Intermediate Zones Theory,” to “Three Worlds Theory.” By discovering the continuous and disconnected links in the process of the Cold War era’s slogan of “Asia-Africa Solidarity” being summoned back as a new name of “Global South” today, this article seeks a way to problematize “One Belt One Road” as a thought project.
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