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1990년대 이전 중국의 대 남부아프리카외교정책 고찰

A Study of China's Foreign Policy toward Africa Focusing on the Southern Africa before 1990's

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한국아시아학회 (The Korean Association Of Asian Studies(Kaas))|2015.02|아시아연구 (The Journal of Asian Studies)|제18권 제1호|pp. 33-76

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참고문헌

키워드

중국China패권주의제3세계Third World반둥회의Bandung Conference초강대국Southern Africa해방전쟁남부 아프리카대아프리카 외교정책Liberation warhegemonismsuperpower country
주제분류지역학

초록

식민지배시기 이후 아프리카 국가들에 대한 중국의 진출은 1955년 인도네시아에서 열린 아시아-아프리카회의(Asian-African Conference)라고 불리는 반둥 회의(Bandung Conference) 이후 본격적으로 시작되었다. 1955년 반둥회의는 아프리카와 중국의 관계가 변화한 전환점이었다. 1949년 중화인민공화국 출범이후 중국은 국제체제 안에서 자신의 지위와 역할을 인정받기 위해 서구의 ‘패권주의’의 확산을 막고 제한하는 상당히 일관된 외교정책을 펼쳤다. 이는 제3세계 국가들과 외교관계를 확대하여 국제적 위상을 제고하고 변화하는 국제체제에 대비하려는 목적이었다. 중국의 대아프리카 외교정책의 기본방향은 초강대국인 미국과 구소련에 대한 중국의 영향력 확대라는 차원에서 이루어진 생존전략이었지만 과거 식민지배국가나 미국과 다름없는 패권국가, 초강대국가를 향한 포석이었다고 결론지을 수 있다. 현재 아프리카에 집중하고 있는 중국의 대아프리카 전략은 일시적으로 나온 전략이라기보다는 1949년 이후 냉전의 시기에 수많은 외교적 노력과 기다림을 통한 세계화의 전략이었다는 것을 인식할 필요가 있다. 중국의 대아프리카 외교정책이 전적으로 이데올로기에서 출발했다는 주장은 맞지 않다. 중국은 생존을 위해, 외교역량을 강화하기 위해, 그리고 대국으로서 패권국가가 되기 위해 대아프리카 외교정책을 집중했다고 결론내릴 수 있다.

Abstract

China’s full-scale involvement in African states began after the Bandung Conference, an Asian-African Conference which was held in Indonesia in 1955. The Bandung Conference was the turning point for Sino-African relations. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, China has consistently carried on diplomatic policies that would block and limit the spread of Western hegemonies to have its status and role recognized within the international system. It was to expand its diplomatic ties with the Third World, to enhance its international standing and to prepare for the changing international system. Chinese foreign policies towards Africa were chiefly for its survival, against superpowers such as the United States and the Soviet Union. But they were also the groundwork to become just like former colonizers, or a hegemon like the United States, as a new superpower. It should be understood that current Chinese strategies towards Africa are not temporary but permanent for globalization that has been prepared through countless diplomatic efforts and waiting during the Cold War since 1949. It is not much correct that China’s African policies are entirely based on ideology. Rather it might be said that China has concentrated on its African diplomacy for its rise of a new hegemonic superpower by enhancing national capacity, as well as for its survival.

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