중국의 장성공정

Abstract

In China, the Great Wall is a symbol which represents the country. Its origin goes back to the warring states period when each country constructed the wall to protect its territory. While China went through many Dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Ming, the wall had continually been changed and maintained. Today it is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage and become a symbolic remain of China as well as a tourist attraction. The established theory of former researchers was that the Great Wall started from its west part, Jiayuguan and ended in its east part, Shanhaiguan. Since the Great Wall project has started in 2005, Chinese government, however, announced around 2008 that the east end is the Yalu River, not the Shanhaiguan. Therefore, the wall became longer. Again in 2012, they made a public statement that remains of the Great Wall were found in Kirin, Heilong Jiang, and Xingang, making its whole length 21,000km. Now that the geographical range of the wall included Manchuria and Xingang, their histories are also confined in the wall. What would happen if the east starting point of the Great Wall was connected to Amnokgang and became longer? Not only dynasties which grew from Manchuria will be understood as local governments of China, but also Gojoseon, Buyeo, Goguryeo, Balhae will remain as its mere regions which had no national identity. That is to say, they were not independent nations, but regions which a government official appointed by the Chinese emperor had dispatched. Furthermore, Manchuria will be included traditionally in historical domain of China. Because its past dynasties (which insisted that Han Dynasty constituted four districts, Tang Dynasty overthrew Goguryeo, Balhae was established by the Mohe, Nuzhen was conquered by Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty installed Liutiaobian(柳條邊) occupied Manchuria, the history of Manchuria will be that of China. At the hidden side of extending the Great Wall, there is an intention to change the history of Manchuria into that of China. In order to rectify China's distortion of the Great Wall, hegemonism, historical misinterpretation about territory, we should understand the Great Wall above all. Chinese government is hiding its purposes which make Goguryeo and Balhae into local governments of China, fixation of border theory of Amnokgang and Dumangang, and checking North and South Korea while extending the Great Wall. We should research Manchuria from this critical direction to resolve these problems. First of all, we have to newly interpret Chinese territorial problems through investigating things as follows: a concept of the Great Wall, characters of Jiehao(界壕) during Liao and Jin Dynasty and Liaodong Defense Line in Ming dynasty, a possibility of Liutiaobian(柳條邊) which installed during Qing Dynasty and can be a part of the Great Wall, a premodern theory of border, a frontier between Joseon Dynasty and Ming-Qing Dynasty. If we solve the Chinese controversy of its territory based on our awareness of this problem, the Great Wall physically end in Shanhaiguan in a same way China insisted. We can reveal the truth that the frontier between Joseon Dynasty and China once cannot lie on Amnokgang and Dumangang, also Hushan(虎山) cannot be the eastern end point of the Great Wall. Furthermore, the history of Manchuria cannot be included as that of a local government of China.