기형도 시에 구현된 헤테로토피아의 알레고리

Abstract

Focusing on Michel Foucault’s theory of heterotopia, this paper aims to reveal how the allegory of heterotopia is embodied in the poetry of Gi Hyeong-do. Gi Hyeong-do’s poetry is characterized by the deconstruction of social conventions of physical space and the placement of disparate places as allegories. Going beyond the poetic conventions of the time and revealing the ‘space-being’ relationship, allegory is not only a way to project the poet’s consciousness, but also the foundation for building a unique poetic world. Gi Hyeong-do employs the allegory of heterotopia in his poems to return exhausted beings dominated by urban space to their eternal resting place. The characteristic allegorical aspects of Gi Hyeong-do’s poems are “the hiding place of the ruined body: the coat,” “the intersection of despair/hope: the road and the street,” and "the circular haven: the ovary and the seed.” All of these are counter-spaces to the urban space that fragments existence, and aim for a primordial sanctuary to which existence should return. Heterochronia, which deconstructs the traditional concept of time, appears as a major way of subverting urban space as a result of Gi Hyeong-do’s poetic violation. In particular, the poetic violation of bouncing the seeds vigorously toward the heavens instead of burying them in the ground to achieve a qualitative shift in existence is a poetic strategy that embodies heterotopia as a way for Gi Hyeong-do to project hope and a haven in the midst of reality. The allegory of heterotopia that Gi Hyeong-do deploys in his poems is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also has the power to effect change. The reason Gi Hyeong-do’s poetry is still relevant in our time is that he constantly sings of the hope to awaken us to the realities of life that urban spaces conceal, and to return the weary beings trapped by urban desires to an eternal haven. This is the unique characteristic and orientation of Gi Hyeong-do’s poetry, and the evidence that it is not trapped in a negative worldview.