고려인의 귀환 이주와 사회통합에 대한 고찰 : 일본 일계인(日系人) 귀환 이주와 비교를 중심으로

Abstract

This study aims to derive implications for the social integration of Koryoin by comparing and analyzing the return migration experiences of Nikkeijin in Japan and Koryoin in Korea. To achieve this, the research examines existing studies on both groups, focusing on their migration processes and settlement experiences. The analysis yielded three key findings. First, Japanese society tends to perceive Nikkeijin primarily as foreign laborers, whereas Korean society generally regards Koryoin as compatriots with a history of independence activism. Second, Japan's diaspora policy has gradually shifted from assimilationism to multicultural coexistence, while Korea's policy has increasingly reinforced an assimilationist approach. Third, both groups commonly faced challenges related to employment in low-skilled labor and the formation of ethnic enclaves, which in turn led to educational difficulties for their children. However, they differed in their experiences with economic crises and the presence of an entrepreneurial class. Based on these findings, three key policy implications for the social integration of Koryoin are proposed. First, fostering interaction between Koryoin and native residents is essential to improving public perceptions. Second, Korea should transition from an assimilationist approach to a multicultural policy that respects diversity. Third, the Korean education system should be improved to support the balanced development of Koryoin children’s multilingual abilities and identity.