放馬灘秦簡≪日書≫篇所見之醫療巫術考察
A Research on the Shamanistic Medical Activities Seen on the Rishu(日書) in the Fangmatan(放馬灘) Bamboo Manuscripts
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本文主要論點, 運用已整理刊行的放馬灘秦簡≪日書≫篇的記錄, 並與各種先秦傳統文獻及其他出土文獻互相印證, 探討放馬灘秦簡≪日書≫篇所見之醫療巫術的主要內容｡ 於東周時期, 醫雖已確有專門化、職業化的性質, 然而在東周社會中, 仍未盡脫離古人巫醫之思想｡ 換言之, 於東周時期, 此種專業醫療治病的知識, 與迷信治療的方法常交織一繫, 遂成爲古代巫者擔當的重要職責之一｡ 由此亦可知, 以巫術之法療疾的情形, 尚普遍存在於東周社會之中｡ 本文則以放馬灘秦簡≪日書≫篇所見之占卜問病等的醫療巫術的重要特色爲主, 包括當時流行的五行原理的運用在內, 討論其主要內容｡
Abstract
The main thesis of this research is to discuss about the shamanistic medical activities seen on the Rishu(日書) in the Fangmatan(放馬灘) Bamboo Manuscripts, and verify with the Eastern Zhou dynasty’ handed-down literature and other underground written attestations, and research the characteristics. In the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the medicine already emerged with a specialized and professional property, but it didn’t disengage from the ideology of the shamanism in the society of Eastern Zhou dynasty. In other words, the shamanistic treatment of diseases was one of the most important works of shamans, because the specialized knowledge of medical treatment always interlaced with the method of superstitious and mediumistic treatment. This article focuses on the important characteristics of the shamanistic medical activities seen on the Rishu(日書) in the Fangmatan(放馬灘) Bamboo Manuscripts, including the divination of illness activities and the application of the five elements(五行) principle at that time, and discusses its main contents.
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