우리 변호사체계의 문제점 — 법치와 경쟁력 확보를 위한 실태분석 —
Why Do the Korean People Want More Lawyers?
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이 글은 우리나라의 법률서비스공급체계의 현황을 세계 각국의 경우와 대비하여 살펴보면서 그것을 법치의 실현이라는 법이념에 따라 평가하였다. 우리 법률서비스시장에의 진입장벽은 가장 높은 수준을 기록하고 있다. 법률서비스 수요는 상당히 높은 편임에도 불구하고 이런 진입장벽은 전세계에서 가장 강한 변호사 과소현상을 야기하는 한편, 거의 대부분의 법률사무를 변호사의 독점적 업무영역으로 규정하게 만들었다. 변호사의 법률서비스시장에 대한 독점정도가 유례 없는 수준에까지 이르고 있는 것이다. 이런 현상은 무변촌의 과다현상이나 본인소송에 대한 사실상의 방임현상 등을 야기함으로써 국민의 사법에의 접근권 자체를 심각하게 훼손하는 한편, 소액심판사건의 사물관할이 다른 국가들에 비해 과도하게 높아 1인당 GDP를 상회하는 정도에까지 이르게 한다. 사법체계 자체의 왜곡까지 야기하고 있는 것이다. 이에 이 글은 고도성장기의 종료와 규제 완화로 특징지워지는 일본의 1990년대가 일본 법률서비스시장에서의 기업법무서비스에 대한 수요 증대를 야기하였다는 점을 들면서, 변호사수의 통제를 통한 법률서비스시장의 독점체제는 더 이상 우리 사회에 타당할 수 없음을 밝히고자 하였다.
Abstract
This essay deals with the age-old argument on the number of lawyers in the Korean society. The barrier to entry into the Korean legal services market is the strongest one in the whole world along with a few countries in transition from their old socialist regime. The number of lawyers per 10,000 people in Korea(1.57 lawyers in 2006) is the smallest among 30 OECD countries, while the demands for legal services are very high compared to those of any other countries. The number of the newly filed civil litigations per 10,000 person in 2006 amounted to 359.3, which was similar to that of the UK, Bulgaria, and Spain. If we take account of the two numbers all together, the situation turns dramatically different: in 2006, one Korean lawyer occupied 399.3 cases of civil litigation, which scored nearly 20 times of those of the UK and Spain. Moreover, Korean lawyers enjoy the most widely guaranteed monopoly in legal services: all the legal services including representation, documentation, and authentication should be supplied only by the lawyers. Such small size of lawyers has caused severe deficiency in the Korean legal system. The Constitutional principle of the rule of law can be the first one. About 80% of the civil litigants in the first instance dealt with their cases without any representation of lawyers. So did more than half of the accused in the criminal procedure. The so-called “no-lawyer counties” constitute another problems. In 2007, there were 105 cities(45.3%) where no lawyer practiced any more. Out of 56 jurisdictions, 17 jurisdictions had less than 0.03 lawyers for every 1,000 residents. The small claim system sacrifices legal justice in the guise of more convenient and effective relieves of the ordinary people. The maximum amount for that simplified procedure amounts to 20 million won, which is 116.4% of the GDP per capita. This means that the small claim system serves not the ordinary people but the judiciary, which has very few resources to deal with all the litigations. In other words, it is nothing but a detour to avoid strong demands for more lawyers. This article does not pose any strategic plan to overcome such problems because such a proposal needs much more investigation, research, and evaluation. The only assertion that this essay wants to pose is that the Korean people need more lawyers. It is so because they want to continue and develop their on-going process of democratization and industrialization. It is so because such desires cannot be realized without radical change in the numbers of lawyers, which would let the lawyers change their foci of business from that of representation in litigation to that of the reducer of transaction costs in ever growing global economy. As the first thing we do, let’s kill all the barriers to making more lawyers.
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