산업내무역의 결정요인: 특화와 요소부존도의 차이를 중심으로
On the Determinants of Intra-industry Trade: Specialization and Relative Factor Endowments
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초록
본 연구는 산업내무역, 특화, 중력 간에 존재하는 수학적 관계를 도출하고 이를 통하여산업내무역에 대한 기존 문헌을 통합적으로 재해석하는 시각을 제시한다. 또한 이 일반적 관계가 2재화, 2요소 모형에서는 교역국 간 산업내무역의 강도가 요소부존비율 차이의 감소함수이고 일인당 GDP의 곱의 증가함수가 됨을 의미함을 보이고, 산업내무역과요소부존비율 차이 간의 음의 상관관계를 독점적 경쟁 모형을 지지하는 증거로 해석하는 것은 오류임을 밝힌다. 이어서 논문은 이러한 관계들을 패널 무역자료를 사용하여OLS와 고정효과 모형으로 추정해 본다. 그 결과 산업내무역과 특화 간의 음의 상관관계는 추정기법에 관계 없이 강건하게 성립함을 발견하였으며, 산업내무역과 일인당GDP의 곱 간에도 강건한 양의 상관관계가 존재함을 발견하였다.
Abstract
This paper derives a general relationship among intra-industry trade, specialization, and gravity. This relationship holds in any two-country trade model under assumptions that are frequently adopted in theoretical trade models. Using this general relationship, we can take an integrated approach to the theory of intra-industry trade. In two-good, two-factor models, this relationship implies that the intensity of intra-industry trade is decreasing in the difference in factor proportions and is increasing in the product of per-worker GDPs. Thus, the popular assertion that a negative correlation between the intensity of intra- industry trade and the difference in factor proportions supports monopolistic competition is groundless. Using panel data on bilateral trade flows, we estimate these relationships. We find that the negative correlation between intra-industry trade and specialization is quite robust. We also find a robust positive correlation between intra-industry trade and the product of per-capita GDPs.
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