원자력과 평화주의 ― 일본과 한국의 경우 ―

Abstract

The right to live in peace is the major premise of the safeguardfor human rights. After having experienced World Wars I & II,states have tried to prevent the war as a major offender of thatright, in two ways: the one is ‘the Treaty for the Renunciation ofWar’ and the other is the introduction of pacifism clause in theconstitution. But these could not cover fully the right to live inpeace without atomic(nuclear) disaster. The Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster in 2011 hasseriously violated the right to live in peace. Usually pacifism dealtwith atomic(nuclear) energy in case of military use. But to protectthe right to live in peace free from atomic disaster, we need toextend the scope of pacifism to the peaceful use of atomic(nuclear)energy. After the Soviet Union’s development of nuclear weapons, theU.S.A switched the atomic(nuclear) energy policy to ‘Atoms forPeace’. Japan is an exemplar country because it was a victim ofnuclear bombing. But the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011proved vividly the danger of even peaceful use of atomic(nuclear)energy. Korea has also been confronted with atomic energy useproblem, including North Korea’s nuclear weapons and SouthKorea’s atomic power plants. Any use of nuclear energy is detrimental to pacifism, becauseboth peaceful and military use of nuclear energy can be seen as a built-in set. We need to develop various programs to escape fromany kind of nuclear energy use, such as establishing a zone freefrom not only nuclear weapons, but also nuclear power plants.