브라질 산림 정책의 변천과 전망 - 경제성장과 환경의 관점에서 -

Abstract

International interest in the Amazon has been dramatically increased as its importance for biodiversity and carbon sequestration have become more evident since 1990's, especially 1992 Rio conference. A number of biomes, including the Brazilian Amazon, were declared national patrimony and were managed for preservation and sustainable use. The 1990s was particularly active years for forest policy in Brazil, both through domestic movement and international engagement. Historical trace of the forest policies for almost 100 years can be followed by reviewing of stages of forest management reflecting the government’s economic development plan and environmental protectionism. In this study I aim to review the dynamic flow of brazilian forest policy which has been affected by government other policies, interest parties lobby and international concern. I review from the starting of protectionism ideas against Portuguese extraction in Brazil by 1900 to recent Dilma Rousseff’s veto on new Forestry Code. The Oil crisis, forest plantations, agribusiness, and infrastructure connecting have closely affected the deforestation in Brazil. The peaks and troughs in the export of deforestation related products also appear to be correlated with the introduction of the Plano Real, changes in Legal Reserve requirements and development of forest regulations. Recently, the issue of climate change has been the leading cause of deforestation due to increasing demand of the agricultural land for sugarcane to get bioenergy source in Brazil.