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대안적 환경 거버넌스 형성의 정치생태학: 1970-1980년대 브라질 서부 아마존의 경험을 중심으로

Political Ecology of Alternative Environmental Governance Formation: Experience from the Brazilian Western Amazon in the 1970s and 1980s

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The aim of this research is to conduct both theoretical and empirical analysis of the development-conservation debate of the Amazon, which is one of the most important global environmental issues today. For this purpose, this paper analyses socio-environmental impacts in Brazil, focusing on the state of Acre in the western Amazon, with regard to the impacts of the Amazonian development policies promoted by the Brazilian government since the 1970s. At the same time, it examines how state and non-state actors, situated at different sites and scales with their own interests and values, contest and arrange alternative forms of environmental governance. In addition to this empirical analysis, the paper reviews various theories (such as new institutionalism, regulation theory and critical theory) in relation to environmental governance and highlights the theoretical usefulness of a political ecological perspective for the analysis of the ‘formation’ of environmental governance.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to conduct both theoretical and empirical analysis of the development-conservation debate of the Amazon, which is one of the most important global environmental issues today. For this purpose, this paper analyses socio-environmental impacts in Brazil, focusing on the state of Acre in the western Amazon, with regard to the impacts of the Amazonian development policies promoted by the Brazilian government since the 1970s. At the same time, it examines how state and non-state actors, situated at different sites and scales with their own interests and values, contest and arrange alternative forms of environmental governance. In addition to this empirical analysis, the paper reviews various theories (such as new institutionalism, regulation theory and critical theory) in relation to environmental governance and highlights the theoretical usefulness of a political ecological perspective for the analysis of the ‘formation’ of environmental governance.

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