동북아 집단주의 문화의 관점에서 바라본 사회적 태만의 변인: 사회적 태만의 요인적 기제 고찰과 해결책 연구
A Review of Group Motivation: What Leads Us to Social Loafing in Collectivistic Culture
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Many of our important tasks can only be accomplished in groups, and many group tasks are collective tasks that require the pooling of individual members' inputs. However, task performing groups rarely achieve their productive potential. individuals frequently exert less effort on collective tasks than on individual tasks. Social loafing is the reduction in motivation when individuals work collectively compared with when they work individually or coactively. The identification of direct or indirect causes in social loafing is a problem of both theoretical and practical importance. In terms of theoretical importance, specifying which variables influence social loafing is critical to understand the processes and mechanisms of group performance. Since Inghamn Levinger, Graves, and Peckman conceptualize social loafing, many studies have attempted to clarify its causes and cures. In terms of practical importance, determining the conditions under which individual do or do not engage in social loafing may provide ways of interventions by which social loafing may be reduced in applied settings. The purpose of the present paper is to review research findings (1) about a variety of causes of social loafing to understand the processes and mechanisms of group performance, (2) about several cures to enhance group motivation to provide ways of interventions in applied settings, and (3) about the impact of cross-culrtural context on social loafing. For these purposes, I would like to summarize first, the history of important researches regarding social loafing for better understanding of the concept, second, a variety of causes based on different theories proposed by many of social loafing researchers, and last, some of the cures of social loafing.
Abstract
Many of our important tasks can only be accomplished in groups, and many group tasks are collective tasks that require the pooling of individual members' inputs. However, task performing groups rarely achieve their productive potential. individuals frequently exert less effort on collective tasks than on individual tasks. Social loafing is the reduction in motivation when individuals work collectively compared with when they work individually or coactively. The identification of direct or indirect causes in social loafing is a problem of both theoretical and practical importance. In terms of theoretical importance, specifying which variables influence social loafing is critical to understand the processes and mechanisms of group performance. Since Inghamn Levinger, Graves, and Peckman conceptualize social loafing, many studies have attempted to clarify its causes and cures. In terms of practical importance, determining the conditions under which individual do or do not engage in social loafing may provide ways of interventions by which social loafing may be reduced in applied settings. The purpose of the present paper is to review research findings (1) about a variety of causes of social loafing to understand the processes and mechanisms of group performance, (2) about several cures to enhance group motivation to provide ways of interventions in applied settings, and (3) about the impact of cross-culrtural context on social loafing. For these purposes, I would like to summarize first, the history of important researches regarding social loafing for better understanding of the concept, second, a variety of causes based on different theories proposed by many of social loafing researchers, and last, some of the cures of social loafing.
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