고령화 사회에서 고령장애인의 중복소외(double disadvantage)에 관한 연구 : 고용정책을 중심으로
A Study on Double Disadvantage of Elderly Disabled People in the Aging Society
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초록
한국사회는 세계 유래 없이 빠른 고령화를 경험하면서, 최근 고령화를 동반한 노인 관련 여러 이슈들-노인부양, 소득보장, 의료보장 등-에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하기 시작하였다. 무엇보다 노후의 독립적인 생활을 지지하면서, 심리적 자립, 사회적 지위확보를 위해 취업을 포함한 다양한 경제활동을 할 수 있게 지원하려는 정책방향이 많은 공감대를 형성하고 있다. 그러나, 우리가 처음 맞이하는 장수의 시대, 고령화 시대를 준비하기 위해 노인과 관련한 문제 해결에 집중적인 노력을 하고 있는 반면, 정작 더욱 보호를 필요로 하는 집단에 대한 관심이 배제되고 있는 것은 아닌지 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 인구의 고령화란 장애인의 고령화를 포함하고 있음을 주목해야 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는‘일을 통한 복지’라는 정책기조 속에서 대표적인 근로빈곤층이라 할 수 있는 장애인 중 연령으로 인해 이중스트레스를 받고 있다고 할 수 있는 고령 장애인을 중심으로 고용정책의 측면에서 중복소외에 대해 논의하고, 고령화 사회에서 노인으로서 특수한 욕구를 해결해야 하면서, 동시에 장애를 경험하는 고령 장애인의 "중복 소외(double disadvantage)"에 대한 문제인식의 필요성을 제기하고자 한다.
Abstract
It is expected that over the coming years the pace of change along with the growth of older people in Korea will accelerate. However, for the most part it fails particularly to be appreciative of the diverse and indigenous processes of transformation taking place and their enormous impact on the lives of elderly people. In order to fulfil the needs and expectations of the growing numbers of elderly people in Korea and to overcome the problems associated with later life, such as, ill-health, poverty and isolation, it is vital to construct effective and inclusive social systems for the elderly. Over the last couple of decades Korea has experienced a strengthening of the notion of ‘roductive welfare’in the context of the changing international environment and the changing domestic situation. ‘Productive welfare’aims to enable people to help themselves rather than just giving benefits to especially poor people to maintain a basic existence. Similar policies have been adopted by western governments, namely ‘the third way’, ‘workfare’ or ‘welfare to work’(Jessop, 1994; Giddens, 1998; Kim 2003). Along with this recognition, greater emphasis has been placed on the employment policy concerning and promoting independence for elderly people. However, it can hardly escape notice that because this form of welfare is related to work it consequently excludes the vulnerable social classes who have difficulties in getting work opportunities such as elderly people. It is furthermore acknowledged that elderly people who are disabled can be more stressed with work related policy in ageing society of Korea. However, great influenced by ageing society of Korea, their double-stress has seen ignored in public policy. The main aim of this paper therefore is to highlight the need for urgent concern of this phenomena and the reconsideration of ageing as a new concern in the context of these various changes. This paper will develop an overall understanding of the context and dynamics of the ageing population in Korea through a description of the demographic, economic and social dimension of this population. It will go on to explore the patterns and forms of employment policy in Korea and focus on the elderly and disabled people concerning their stressful reason in ageing society. The analysis will draw on secondary data to address the circumstances of older people especially who are disabled in contemporary Korean society.