장애차별금지법의 확산과 위축 - 변화추구형 법률에 대한 반작용을 중심으로 -
Expansion and Contraction of Disability Anti-discrimination Laws - Focusing on Backlash Against the Transformative Law -
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장애차별금지법은 기회평등담론이 전세계적으로 파급되고 장애인의 활성화에 대한 국가적 필요성이 대두되면서 확산추세를 보이고 있다. 장애인에 대한 차별을 근절시켜 시민으로서의 권리를 확보하려는 장애차별금지법의 제정은 새로운 장애정책 패러다임의 전조로 받아들여졌다. 그러나 기대와는 달리 시행된 법률들은 차별받는 집단에 대한 보호라는 입법목적을 충분히 구현되지 못하였다는 비판을 받게 된다. 주요한 차별금지법들이 위축된 현상은 법 적용 과정에 장애물이 존재함을 시사한다. 이러한 문제들은 법규정 자체의 결함에서 연원하기도 하지만 법에 대한 태도와 해석으로 인하여 나타나기도 한다. 반작용의 개념은 법과 더 큰 사회와의 관계를 통하여 법에 대한 저항과 거부를 설명한다. 차별금지법은 변화추구형 법률이기 때문에 반작용이 일어날 수 있다. 장애권리접근의 사회적 의미체계들, 즉 차별금지법의 핵심원리들이 이해되지 못하고 받아들여지지 못한다면 기존의 규범체계를 변화시키려는 차별금지법의 목표는 달성되기 어렵다.
Abstract
Disability anti-discrimination laws are expanding, serving as the core enacting apparatus of a new policy paradigm, and challenging the existing disability policy assumptions and hypotheses. The objective of disability anti-discrimination law is to secure the equality of opportunity and full participation of disabled persons. However, contrary to initial expectations, some adverse consequences have been found after the implementation of anti-discrimination laws. Because most of the anti-discrimination cases were failed in court, the original intention of protecting the discriminated was severely damaged. The contraction of major discrimination laws suggests that some obstacles to their effective enforcement exist in the process of execution. This problems might originate from the shortcomings of provisions, they also emerge from the attitudes to the acts and interpretations of them. Disability anti-discrimination law is the transformative law tries to change the existing social relations, and the radicalness of shifting forces itself might cause backlashes. Unless the core principles of anti-discrimination laws are not fully understood and accepted in larger society, the objective of the laws will be beyond attainment.
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