장애인에 의해 ‘지각된 차별(perceived discrimination)’의 개념화와 법적 적용에 관한 연구
Conceptualizing the Perceived Disability Discrimination and Its Application to Korea's Disability Discrimination Act
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초록
본 연구는 장애인에 의해 지각된 차별을 개념화하고, 이에 근거하여 현행 한국의 장애인차별금지법의 차별 개념을 평가하며, 주관적으로 지각된 장애차별의 법적 판단 가능성에 대해 논의한다. 포괄적 개념으로, 장애인이 낙인, 장애 억압, 편견, 고정관념 등에 근거하여 어떤 차별이든지 감지한다면, 이는 지각된 차별이다. 현행 한국의 장애인차별금지법에 있는 차별범주는 비교적 좁은 것으로 평가되었다. 특히 간접차별은 사회규범이나 가치관 제도에 대하여 장애인의 권리를 구제하고 시정조치 할 수 있는 개념임에도 사문항으로 남을 수 있는 현실에 처해있다. 사회적 장애에 대한 시선이나 호의적 차별 등은 현재의 장애인차별금지법의 차별범주에 포함되지 않으며, 장애인 가족이 경험하는 차별 또한 법의 그물망 밖에 있다. 지각된 장애 차별의 관점에서 현행 장애인에 대한 차별범주를 장애에 대한 차별로 넓히고, 간접차별의 개념을 폭넓게 적용하여 사회 규범이나 제도, 가치관 등을 연구하고 검토해야 할 것이다. 지각된 차별을 법적으로 판단하기 위해서는 합리적 장애인의 개념을 도입할 필요가 있다. 전 사회적으로 합의된 장애 억압적 이데올로기를 직시하고 사회를 재구조화하기 위한 노력을 계속 해야 할 것이다. 특히 사법관들에 대한 장애인권 교육이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study aims to conceptualize 'perceived disability discrimination', to evaluate the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act from the perspective of perceived discrimination, and to discuss the possibility of legal judgement on the perceived disability discrimination. As a general concept, it is the perceived discrimination that people with disabilities feel or experience any type of discrimination based on stigma, disability oppression, prejudice, or stereotype. The Korea's Disability Discrimination Act does not consider some perceived discrimination as a subject of legal judgement. Although indirect discrimination is a very good content to correct wrong social rules, values, institutions, actually, it is confronted with being remained useless. Perceived disability discrimination such as strangers' staring or benevolent disability discrimination are not included in the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. The disability discrimination experienced by family members who has a disabled member was not a matter of current Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. Considering perceived disability discrimination, coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act should be extended to the concept of discrimination against disability, not against people with disability. Based on the concept of indirect discrimination, social rules and institutions should be examined if they are discriminative or not in dealing with the matters of people with disabilities. Also, for judging perceived disability discrimination, it is necessary to use 'the standard of reasonable people with disability', which comes from judgement standard of sexual harassments. The reality of oppressive ideology against disability should be socially accepted and the social reconstruction for people with disabilities should go on.
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