Effects of Air Purifiers on Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study
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Purpose: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a well-known risk factor in the triggering and exacerbation of allergic airway disease. Indoor environments, where people spend most of their time, are of utmost importance. To assess the effects of air purifiers[equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters] on allergic rhinitis (AR) in adult patients, we performed a multicenter,randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Materials and Methods: Patients with house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR were randomly assigned to either active or mockup(placebo) air-purification groups. Two air purifiers (placed in living room and bedroom) were operated for 6 weeks in each homeenvironment. The primary study endpoint was to achieve improvement in AR symptoms and medication scores. Secondary endpointswere to achieve improvement in the quality of life (QoL) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, as well as in the indoor (bedroomand living room) concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Results: After 6 weeks of air purifier use, medication scores improved significantly in the active (vs. placebo) group, although subjectivemeasures (symptoms, VAS, and QoL scores) did not differ. Bedroom PM2.5 concentrations initially exceeded living room oroutdoor levels, but declined (by up to 51.8%) following active purifier operation. Concentrations of PM2.5 in living room and PM10in bedroom and living room were also significantly reduced through active purification. Conclusion: The use of air purifiers with HEPA filters significantly reduced medication requirements for patients with HDM-inducedAR and significantly lowered indoor PM2.5 concentrations, regardless of room placement. Active intervention to reducehousehold air pollutants may help improve allergic airway disease (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03313453).
Abstract
Purpose: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a well-known risk factor in the triggering and exacerbation of allergic airway disease. Indoor environments, where people spend most of their time, are of utmost importance. To assess the effects of air purifiers[equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters] on allergic rhinitis (AR) in adult patients, we performed a multicenter,randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Materials and Methods: Patients with house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR were randomly assigned to either active or mockup(placebo) air-purification groups. Two air purifiers (placed in living room and bedroom) were operated for 6 weeks in each homeenvironment. The primary study endpoint was to achieve improvement in AR symptoms and medication scores. Secondary endpointswere to achieve improvement in the quality of life (QoL) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, as well as in the indoor (bedroomand living room) concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Results: After 6 weeks of air purifier use, medication scores improved significantly in the active (vs. placebo) group, although subjectivemeasures (symptoms, VAS, and QoL scores) did not differ. Bedroom PM2.5 concentrations initially exceeded living room oroutdoor levels, but declined (by up to 51.8%) following active purifier operation. Concentrations of PM2.5 in living room and PM10in bedroom and living room were also significantly reduced through active purification. Conclusion: The use of air purifiers with HEPA filters significantly reduced medication requirements for patients with HDM-inducedAR and significantly lowered indoor PM2.5 concentrations, regardless of room placement. Active intervention to reducehousehold air pollutants may help improve allergic airway disease (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03313453).
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