죽어가는 환자를 어떻게 이해해야 하는가? - 신학적, 윤리학적 관점에서
How Should be Understand the Dying Patient? A Theological Basis for the End-of-Life Care
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이 글에서 나는 인간 생명의 마지막을 어떻게 이해해야 하는지의 문제를 신학적으로 제시하고, 이와 같은 마지막에 이르는 과정 속에 있는 사람들에 대해 어떤 입장을 지니는 것이 가장 기독교적인 것인지에 대해서 논의하였다. 이를 위해 (1) 성경이 말하는 인간 생명의 끝이 과연 어떤 것이지를 생각해 보고, (2) 성경적 관점에서는 물리적 죽음이라는 인간 생명의 상대적 마지막을 과연 어떻게 규정해야 하는지를 논의하여 심폐사가 가장 적절한 이해라는 것을 드러내고, (3) 뇌사와 관련된 필자의 의견 하나를 제출한 뒤, (4) 기독교적 관점에서는 소위 “안락사”가 있을 수 없다는 것을 천명하고, (5) 소위 “존엄사” 논쟁과 관련하여 자연사만을 존엄사로 규정해야만 한다는 것을 밝힌 후에, (6) 이러한 입장에 비추어 볼 때 이런 상대적 마지막을 향해 가고 있는 사람들에 대한 호스피스 사역이 기독교적으로 가장 적합한 치료 사역이라는 결론을 내렸다.
Abstract
In this paper I discuss what I think is the most biblical and most Christian attitude for the dying people. I have examined (1) what would be the end of human life from the Christian theological perspective, then (2) I have drawn the conclusion that the irrevocable cessation of the function of lung and of heart must be understood as the physical death of human beings. (3) In relation to the problem of brain death, I have suggested the possibility that one can donate one's organs in the situation of brain death only in the case that the one has clearly showed one's own voluntary and humanitarian intention to donate one's organs if one were in the situation of brain death, even though we can not accept the brain death as a definition of death. (4) As Christians we neither could accept any form of euthanasia. (5) So any form of euthanasia cannot be regarded as a death-with- dignity. Only natural death in Christ is the death with dignity in the absolute sense, and the natural death of the non-Christian would be a death-with-dignity in the broader sense. (6) So final option for our end-of-life care would be hospice care.
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