도르트 총회와 신조에서 신학적 목회적 측면의 균형
Balance between the theological and pastoral aspect in the synod of Dordt
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도르트 신조와 이 신조를 작성한 도르트 총회는 항론파 때문에 발생한 네덜란드 개혁교회의 위기를 극복하기 위한 것이었다. 따라서 일차적으로 이 총회의 목적은 항론파의 신학적 주장에 대한 반박을 목적으로 했다. 그러나 총회의 대표들은 단지 이들의 주장을 반박하는데만 목적을 제한하지 않았다. 오히려 주께서 교회를 목양하시며 교회를 강하게 세워가는 목회적 성격을 강하게 의식하였다. 곧, 신학적 논쟁에 매몰되지 않으면서 목회적 목적에 주목하였다. 첫째, 도르트 신조의 구조와 내용, 서술 방식이 이를 보여준다. 신조는 항론파를 반박하는 오류와 반박 부분을 포함하되 하이델베르크 요리문답의 구조를 담은 긍정적인 서술들을 앞세워서 교회의 가르침으로 자리잡았다. 한편으로 성경전체의 내용을 담는 새로운 신앙고백이 아니라 이전에 교회가 고백한 신앙문서를 확인하는데 정체성을 두었다. 둘째, 전택설과 후택설이라는 개혁주의 예정론의 긴장과 논쟁점을 전면에 내세우지 않았다. 오히려 항론파의 공격에서 비켜나 있는 후택설에 가까운 신조를 작성하였다. 그러나 전택설을 버리고 후택설을 택하는 방식은 아니었다. 오히려 교회를 위한 복음의 가르침의 구조를 드러내고 복음 설교를 중심에 두는 그리스도의 말씀의 목양을 전면에 부각시켰다. 마지막으로 도르트 총회는 도르트 신조뿐 아니라 교회법을 작성해서 총회의 최종적인 목적이 교회를 세워가기 위한 것이었다는 점을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The synod of Dordt was to overcome the crisis of the Dutch Reformed Churches caused by the Arminianism. Therefore, the purpose of the synod was primarily to refute the theological claim of the Remonstrants. However, the delegates of the synod did not limit the purpose of refusing these claims alone. Rather, they paid attention to pastoral purposes. Not to be buried in theological debate, they did their efforts to strengthen the reformed churches. First, the structure, content, and description of the Canons of Dordt show this. Although Canons contained refutations, it is preceded by positive descriptions following the structure of the Heidelberg Catechism. It was not a new confession of faith that contained the whole article of faith but took an identity that made clear the Belgic Confessions and Catechism that the church had previously confessed. Second, it did not put forward the tension and controversies of supra-infra lapsarianism. Its position was close to the infralapsarianism left out of the attack of the Remonstrants. However, it was not a method to abandon the supralapsarianism. Rather, it revealed the structure of the gospel teaching and highlighted Christ's Word centered on the preaching of the gospel. Finally, synod confirmed that the final destination was to build up the churches in taking not only Canons but also the church ordinance.
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