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아프리칸 조상들의 사후 세계에 관한 개혁신학의 관점

African Traditional Religions, Afterlife, Communion of Saints, Intermediate state, Confessions of the Reformed Church.

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초록

본 논문은 아프리카의 사후 세계관과 가톨릭교회의 교리 간에 신앙적 공통분모를 공유하는 것을 논의한다. 아프리카 전통종교에서 조상은 ‘죽은 자들’(the living dead)로서 사후에도 여전히 후손들에게 영향력을 끼치는 중재자로 인식된다. 비슷하게, 가톨릭교회는 죽은 성도들(Saints)과 살아 있는 성도들 간의 관계를 인정하는 ‘성도의 교제’(Communion of Saints)의 교리를 주장한다. 그리고 이 교리는 ‘연옥교리’(Theory of Purgatory)와 죽은 자들을 위해 기도할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시한다. 하지만 개혁주의 신학은 아프리카의 사후 세계관과 가톨릭교회의 연옥교리를 비롯해 죽은 성도들과 살아 있는 성도들 간의 성도의 교제를 인정하지 않는다. 특별히 사후 영혼의 중간상태와 관련해, 개혁교회는 안식교(the Seventh-Day Adventist Church)나 여호와의 증인(Jehovah’s Witnesses)이 주장하는 영혼멸절설(Annihilationism)을 비판한다. 특별히 개혁교회의 신앙고백서인 웨스트민스터 신앙고백(Westminster Faith Confession of Faith)와 제 2 스위스 신앙고백서(Second Helvetic Confession)는 영혼멸절설을 포함해 루터의 영혼수면설(Soul-Sleep Doctrine)과 가톨릭교회의 연옥교리 모두를 인정하지 않는다. 따라서 이 같은 논의는 기독교 선교에 있어 복음전파를 통한 개인의 회심과 문화변혁이 매우 중요하고, 특정 문화를 위해 신학이 상황화 되는 것이 얼마나 위험한 것인가를 경고한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to discuss the religious commonness and connections among the doctrine between the belief on afterlife in Africa and the doctrine of Catholic Church. In the traditional religion of Africa, ancestors are considered as ‘the living dead’, who are believed to have influences on the descendants as arbitrators. Like wise, in the belief of Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints, which is the relationship between the living and the dead Saints, is considered. Such belief reflects the Theory of Purgatory and hints the validity of praying for the dead people. However, in the Reformed Theology, building of any relationship between the living and dead, as believed in both the belief in afterlife in Africa and the Theory of Purgatory, is denied. Specifically, the Reformist Churches criticizes the Annihilationism, argued by the Seventh-Day Adventist Church of the Jehovah’s Witnesses, in relation to the intermediate state of the soul after death; The Westminster Faith Confession of Faith in Reformist Church and the Second Helvetic Confession both deny Annihilationism and Soul-Sleep Doctrine of Luther as well as the Theory of Purgatory in Catholic Church. Accordingly, discussion on such topic alerts the importance of individual’s convincement and cultural reformation through spreading of the Gospel in the Christian missionary works, and also warns about the theological contextualization for certain cultures.

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