아우구스티누스 『삼위일체론(De Trinitate)』의 비존재론적 요소와 그 의미
The Non-Ontological Factors and Its Implication in Augustine’s De Trinitate
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아우구스티누스의 삼위일체 신학에 대한 최근의 비평적 논쟁들은 플라톤적 존재론의 문제를 중심으로 다루어지고 있다. 아우구스티누스의 삼위일체 신학에 비판적인 현대 신학자들은 그의 삼위 일체론이 플라톤의 존재론에 의존하고 있다고 지적한다. 그들은 플라톤적 삼위일체론은 실천적인 의미가 포함되어 있지 않기 때문에 폐지되어야 한다고 주장한다. 같은 이유로 아우구스티누스의 삼위일체론은 현대 학자들에 의해 강하게 비판 받고 있다. 아우구스티누스가 플라톤의 사상과 친숙했다는 것은 이미 널리 알려진 사실이다. 아우구스티누스는 플라톤의 책에서 물리적인 것과 영적인 것 사이의 근본적인 차이를 알려주는 존재론을 접했다. 아우구스티누스의 『삼위일체론』에 나오는 하나님에 관한 개념은 플라톤주의에서 말하는 불변성과 일체성으로부터 비롯된 것이다. 그러나 다른 한편, 『삼위일체론』 안에는 존재론적 요소들과 대립되는 비존재론적 요소들이 역설적인 관계의 형태로 나타난다. 비존재론적 요소는 플라톤주의자들에게 있어서는 받아들이기 힘든 개념이다. 그렇다면 왜 플라톤주의자인 아우구스티누스는 이러한 방법을 사용하는 것일까? 왜 그는 비존재론적 요소들을 존재론적 요소들에 대립시키는가? 결론적으로, 이 논문의 목적은 『삼위일체론』 안에 나타나는 존재론적 요소들과 비존재론적 요소들을 분석하고, 비존재론적 요소들의 실천적 의미를 제안하는 것에 있다.
Abstract
For the most part, recent critical debates about Augustine's trinitarian theology have tended to center around the question of Platonic ontology. Modern theologians who are critical to the Augustine’s trinitarian theology have pointed out that his trinitarianism relies on Platonic ontology. They assert that Platonic trinitarianism must be abolished because it does not contain the practical meaning. For the same reason Augustine’s trinitarianism has been strongly criticised by modern scholars. It is true that Augustine was familiar with Platonic thought. In the books of the Platonists, Augustine encountered an ontology in which there is a fundamental divide between the physical and the spiritual. And the concept of God in Augustine’s De Trinitate was born out of the concept of Immutability and Oneness in this way of Platonism. But on the other hand, in De Trinitate, the non-ontological factors that are in sharp contrast with the ontological factors are presented in the form of paradoxical relation. For Platonists, the non-ontological factors is a difficult concept to accept. Then, why does Augustine who is Platonist use this method? Why does he contrast the non-ontological factors with the ontological factors? Consequently, the aim of this article is to analyze the ontological factors and the non-ontological factors in De Trinitate, and suggest the practical meaning of non-ontological factors.
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