공공신학의 원천으로서 개혁주의신학

Abstract

Despite the recent surge of interest in public theology within Korean theological circles, some conservative Reformed pastors remain skeptical. This skepticism largely stems from preconceptions or misunderstandings about public theology, necessitating an emphasis on the continuity between public theology and the Reformed tradition. This study argues that public theology, which advocates for the church’s contribution to broader society through public engagement, aligns with traditional Reformed thought that encourages active participation in public life. However, a nuanced understanding of soteriology, particularly Luther’s doctrine of justification by faith, is crucial to prevent Christianity from becoming a sectarian entity divorced from the world. The paper examines key Reformed concepts supporting public engagement: Calvin’s doctrine of two kingdoms, which demonstrates the organic relationship between spiritual and secular governments; Bucer’s concept of the ‘Kingdom of Christ’, encouraging the pursuit of public good within both created and recreated orders; and Kuyper’s notion of ‘sphere sovereignty’, emphasizing God’s sovereignty over all life domains. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity of bilingual ability for constructive communication with non-Christians in the public sphere, advocating for interdisciplinary study as essential for cultivating this skill. It draws on Calvin’s emphasis on common grace in the Institutes of the Christian Religion and his utilization of humanistic and legal knowledge in biblical exegesis. The research also explores Kuyper’s continuation of this tradition, arguing that Calvin’s doctrine of predestination encompasses a desire for academic pursuit. This paper concludes that public theology, far from being antithetical to Reformed thought, is deeply rooted in and continuous with the Reformed tradition, offering a framework for meaningful Christian engagement in contemporary public discourse.