공적신학의 주요 초점과 과제
The Points and Tasks of Public Theology
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최근에 신학의 공공성과 사회적 책임을 강조하는 공적신학이 한국교회와 신학계의 주된 관심사로 부상하고 있다. 이와 같은 공적신학에대한 관심은 한국사회로부터 신뢰를 상실하고 침체에 빠져있는 한국교회의 위기상황 속에서 세상을 향한 교회의 공적, 사회적 책임에 대한 새로운 인식의 증대를 반영한다. 한국교회가 사회로부터 불신을당하게 된 주된 원인 가운데 하나는 교회가 사회와 소통하지 못하고고립된 채 배타적인 태도를 가지고 자신만의 폐쇄적인 울타리 안에 안주하면서 이기적인 자기만족을 추구하는 집단으로 인식되고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 이 논문의 주제는 제목 그대로 공적신학의 주요 초점과 과제이다. 이 논문에서는 첫째, 공적신학의 정의에 대하여 소개하고, 둘째, 공적신학의 신학적 근거가 예수 그리스도가 선포하고 실천한 하나님나라와 보편적 하나님의 실재에 있음을 밝히며, 셋째, 공적신학이 시민종교와 정치신학 및 해방신학과 어떻게 구별되는지를 설명하고, 넷째, 공적신학의 방법론에 관해서 논하며, 다섯 째, 공적신학의 공공성이 사사화(私事化)와 정치화(政治化) 사이의 공적 영역에 있음을 밝히고, 여섯 째, 세속주의적 배제와 전체주의적 침투에 대한 대안적 전략으로서 볼프의 “내부적 차이”와 “정치적 종교다원주의”를 소개하며, 일곱 째, 오늘날의 세계화 시대에 공적신학이 더욱 절실하게 요구된다는 사실을 스택하우스를 통해 확인하고, 마지막 결론으로서, 공적신학의 주요 초점과 과제를 네 가지 관점에서(특히 한국의 상황을반영하는 관점을 포함하여) 제시한다.
Abstract
In recent days, ‘public theology’ which emphasizes the publicness and social responsibility of the church and theology is emerging as one of main concerns in the Korean Church and theological circle. This concern on public theology reflects the growth of the renewed consciousness about the public and social responsibility of the church toward the world in the crisis situation of Korean church which, increasingly losing trust from society, is in a serious recession. One of the noticeable reasons why Korean church came to encounter mistrust from society is that it is shown as a group which, being unable to communicate with the wider society, remains isolated from society and, seeking its own selfish satisfaction, stays within its own closed fence with an exclusive attitude. Thus, the subject of this study is, as is shown in the title, “the seminal features and tasks of public theology.” First, this study makes an introduction about the definitions of public theology. Second, it clarifies that the theological ground of public theology is offered by the Kingdom of God proclaimed and practiced by Jesus Christ and the universality of divine reality. Third, it explains how public theology is distinguished from civil religion, political theology, and liberation theology. Forth, it discusses the methodology of public theology. Fifth, it argues that the publicness of public theology is to be found between privatization and politicization. Sixth, it introduces Volf’s concepts of “internal difference” and “religious political pluralism” which he proposes as an alternative strategy against both secularist exclusion and totalitarian intervention. Seventh, drawing on Stackhouse, it confirms that public theology is required even more urgently in the contemporary context of globalization than ever before. And finally, as a conclusion, it suggests the seminal features and tasks of public theology in terms of seven points of view.
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