사무엘 러더포드의 언약적 종교개혁과 예배: 반율법주의 논쟁과 그리스도의 제사장 직분
Samuel Rutherford’s Covenantal Reformation and Worship: Antinomian Controversy and Christ’s Priesthood
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본고는 제2종교개혁 시기 스코틀랜드 신학자 사무엘 러더포드(1600-1661)의 언약신학이 예배와 관련하여 그리스도의 지속적인 대제사장 직분 개념에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴본다. 잉글랜드와 스코틀랜드 교회의 개혁을 추구하면서 웨스트민스터 총회에 참석한 러더포드는 자신이 이해한 종교개혁의 의미를 변론했다. 그에게 있어서 종교개혁의 완성이란 장로회 정치체제와 외적 은혜언약의 집행이 가시적인 보편교회에서 구현되는 것인데, 이는 말씀과 성례와 치리를 통한 예배의 회복을 전제로 했다. 즉 러더포드는 은혜언약의 외적 측면을 강조함으로써 예배의 회복을 수반하는 종교개혁 개념을 뒷받침했다. 이러한 그의 외면언약 개념은 내적 종교개혁과 내적 새 언약을 강조하는 반율법주의자들과 논쟁하면서 발전되었다. 언약신학이 제2종교개혁 시기 스코틀랜드 예배에서 예수 그리스도의 지속적인 제사장 직분에 대한 강조를 약화시켰다는 평가가 있지만, 본 논문은 언약신학에 기초한 러더포드의 교회론이 외적 종교개혁의 중요성을 변론하면서도 제사장이신 그리스도로부터 주어지는 지속적인 은혜를 강조했음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This paper examines how Samuel Rutherford(1600-1661)’s covenant theology influenced the doctrine of Christ’s continuing priesthood in worship during the Second Reformation period in Scotland. During the Westminster Assembly, endeavouring further reformation in Scotland and England, Rutherford demonstrated the meaning of reformation. His further reformation required the proper administration of the external covenant of grace in the Catholic visible church based on Presbyterianism. This study argues that for Rutherford, worship was essential in the administration of the external covenant. It also asserts the impact of Rutherford’s disputation with Antinomians concerning reformation and the new covenant on the development of his doctrine of the external covenant. While it has been argued that covenant theology in seventeenth-century Scotland undermined the Reformation emphasis of Christ’s continuing priesthood in worship, this paper demonstrates that Rutherford underscored the continuous grace coming from Christ as the priest, maintaining the necessity of external reformation.
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