혐오발언의 규율을 위한 국제 기준들
International standards on regulation of hate speeches
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누군가가 지니는 인종, 종교, 성적 정체성, 성별, 민족성 등을 원인으로 자신의 주관적 감정인 편견 내지 선입견을 표하는 혐오발언은 인간의 기본권과 어떠한 부분에서든 상충될 수밖에 없는 특성을 지닌다. 누군가가 표현의 자유를 향유하며 자신의 의견을 표현하는 동안, 인간의 기본권의 보호는 동시에 형사 책임을 정당화할 수도 있다. 혐오발언이 인간의 기본권과 상충되고 국가 간 경계를 넘어 논란거리가 되어 가는 현실 속에서 이에 대한 대중적 인식의 결핍은 결국 범죄로 다루어져야 하는 혐오발언에 대한 현실적이고 실효성 있는 대응을 어렵게 하는 요인이 된다. 무엇보다도 인간의 기본권을 어떻게 보장하고 어떠한 범위에서 제한할 수 있는가의 문제와 직결되는 혐오를 둘러싼 논쟁들은 다양한 방식으로 국가 간 경계를 넘나들고 있다는 점에서, 혐오를 둘러싼 논의들은 결국 한 국가 내에서가 아닌 국제사회 전체에서 함께 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문은 혐오 내지 혐오발언을 규율하기 위한 국제사회에서의 노력을 구체적으로 검토함으로써 우리나라의 현실에서 어떻게 혐오를 이해하고 혐오발언을 규율할 것인지를 살피는데 중점을 두고 있다.
Abstract
Hate speech, which expresses the subjective bias or prejudices caused by the race, religion, sexual identity, gender, ethnicity, etc. of someone, has characteristics that lead to conflicts between different human rights. While someone expresses own personal opinion by enjoying the freedom of expression, the protection of the human rights could at the same time justify criminal liability. Hate speech affects human rights in various ways and is a controversial issue extending beyond the boundaries between countries. However, the lack of public awareness makes it difficult to find a realistic and effective response to hate speeches that should be treated as crimes. As the question how to define, guarantee and limit the scope of human rights in relation to hate goes across national borders in a variety of ways, the discussions related to hate and hate speeches should also extend to international communities. This paper focuses on examining international standards for the regulation of hate and hate speeches. Furthermore this paper enlarges the definition and understanding of hate and hate speeches and examines how to regulate them in our country.
참고문헌 (11)
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