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기업의 사회적 책임활동(CSR)과 조세회피-이사회특성의 조절효과를 중심으로-

Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance: Focusing on Moderating Effect of Characteristics of Board of Directors

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주제분류경영학

초록

선행연구에서는 적극적인 CSR활동, 이사회의 독립성과 활동성은 조세회피를 감소시킨다는 결과가 도출되었으나 이사회의 특성이 CSR활동과 조세회피의 관련성에 대해 조절효과를 수행하는지는 검증되지 못했다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CSR활동과 이사회의 특성 및 조세회피의 관련성을 살펴보고, CSR활동과 조세회피 간의 관계에 대한 이사회 특성의 조절효과를 실증분석하였다. 구체적으로 표본은 2006년부터 2010년까지 KOSPI에 상장된 CSR활동 기업 319개와 대응기업 638개이다. 조세회피는 누적유효법인세율과 누적현금유효법인세율을 이용하였고, CSR활동은 경제정의 연구소에서 매년 공표하는 경제정의지수를 사용하였다. 이사회 특성은 이사회 내의 사외이사비율(독립성)과 이사회 개최 횟수(활동성)로 측정하였다. 실증분석결과, CSR활동 대응기업에 비해 조세회피가 낮으며, 이사회의 독립성이 증가되면 CSR활동과 조세회피 간의 부정적 관련성이 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 이사회의 독립성이 CSR활동과 조세회피의 관련성에 대한 조절변수임을 확인하였다. 또한, CSR활동은 효과적인 조세전략이며, CSR활동 비용은 비조세비용 중 하나임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 조세회피를 감소시키기 위해 기업에서는 적극적인 CSR활동의 수행이 필요하며, 경영자와 독립된 사외이사를 선임하여 조세회피를 더욱 효과적으로 통제할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

Prior evidence that more positive corporate social responsibility(CSR), more independent and active board of directors reduce tax avoidance leaves unaddressed the moderate effect of board of directors on that. So This study provides evidences of both in documenting a negative association among CSR, board of directors, tax avoidance and moderating effect of board of directors on a relation between CSR and tax avoidance. To be specific, we use 957 firm-years that had been listed on KOSPI from 2006 to 2010, and the 957 samples are consisted of 319 CSR firms and 638 matching firms. Tax avoidance is measured on the basis of accumulated effective tax rate and cash effective tax rate, CSR is measured by KEJI Index which is annually released by the citizens’ coalition for economic justice institute. Characteristics of board of directors are measured by the outside director portion of board of directors and the number of opening board of directors meeting. The empirical results are as follows. CSR firms’ tax avoidance are less than matching firms, and CSR has more negative effect on tax avoidance in the case of the firms that have more outside directors. It means that independence of board of directors acts as the moderate variable on a relation between CSR and tax avoidance, as well as CSR is an effective tax strategy and CSR cost is a non tax cost. The contributions from this study is that firms must positively carry out their CSR to reduce tax avoidance, and that are more effective through an increase of independent outside directors.

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