본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

브랜드위기의 부정적 효과:인지, 감정 그리고 행동적 측면을 중심으로

Negative Effects of Brand Crisis:Focus on Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Aspect

2

조회

0

다운로드

8

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 브랜드위기에 대한 소비자들의 인지, 감정 그리고 행동적 차원의 부정적 효과와 소비자-브랜드관계정도에 따른 브랜드실망감의 부정적 효과를 확인하였다. 기업의 브랜드위기를 고객관련 위기(제품결함에 대한 기업의 부적절한 대응 상황), 종업원관련 위기(종업원의 개인 프라이버시 침해로 발생한 상황), 그리고 환경관련 위기(환경오염 물질의 누출에 대한 기업의 안일한 대응이 사회적 문제로까지 확대된 상황) 등 세 가지 유형으로 구분하여 각 브랜드위기 상황에 관한 시나리오는 사전조사를 통해 확정하였다. 브랜드위기의 사전-사후 소비자들의 반응을 확인하기 위한 자료는 리서치 전문 업체에 의뢰하여 수집하였다. 브랜드위기 이전-이후에 대한 소비자들의 인지적 평가와 브랜드위기 이후 소비자들의 감정적 반응과 행동적 반응을 확인하기 위해 대응별 평균차이 검정과 구조방정식모델 분석을 실시하였으며, 소비자-브랜드 관계에 따른 조절효과는 R² 변화량의 차이를 통해 검정하였다. 분석결과, 브랜드위기 이전에 비해 이후에 기업명성과 사회적 책임성에 대한 지각의 차이가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 그리고 브랜드위기의 심각성은 기업명성과 사회적 책임성에 대한 소비자들의 평가의 차이에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 브랜드위기로 인한 브랜드실망감은 후회감과 부정적구전의도에는 영향을 미치나, 브랜드전환의도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로, 브랜드실망감의 부정적 효과에 대한 소비자-브랜드관계의 조절효과는 고객관련 위기 상황에서만 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 브랜드위기가 소비자들의 인지적 측면과 감정적 측면 그리고 행동적 측면에 미치는 부정적 효과를 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 또한 소비자-브랜드관계정도에 따라 브랜드위기에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 적절한 방안을 마련하는데도 유용할 것이다.

Abstract

This study examined the negative effects of cognitive, affective and behavioral aspect of brand crisis and the moderating effect of consumer-brand relationship to the negative effects. Three types of brand crisis were devised for this research: 1) customer-related crisis (failure to respond rightly to product defects), 2) employee-related crisis (caused by violation of employees’ privacy), and 3) environment-related crisis (company's improper response to leaking the environmental pollutants which caused a social issue). The scenarios for brand crisis situations were designed and were checked and finalized through both experts’ opinions and a pilot study. Data were collected by a marketing research firm. To examine consumers' cognitive evaluation before and after brand crisis and their emotional and behavioral responses after brand crisis, paired t-test and structural equation model analysis were performed by types of brand crisis. The hypotheses on the moderating effects of consumer-brand relationship were tested by the method of difference in R². The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences in respondents’ perception of corporate reputation and social responsibility before and after brand crisis. Also, the seriousness of brand crisis had a positive impact on consumers' evaluation of corporate reputation and social responsibility. Brand disappointment caused by brand crisis had an impact on regret and negative word of mouth, but no impact on brand switching intention. In addition, the moderating effects of consumer-brand relationship to the negative effect of brand disappointment was statistically significant only in the case of customer-related crisis. The findings of this research would be helpful for understanding the negative effects of brand crisis on consumers' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspect. Also, the results of this study would be used as practical guides to effectively deal with brand crises by type of brand crisis and consumer-brand relationship.

참고문헌 (65)

  1. 전인수, "소비자 후회: 사후가정사고의 영향 및 후회해소노력이 구매후 행동에 미치는 영향", 마케팅연구, 21(4), pp.165~187 (2006), 한국마케팅학회
  2. 성형석, "고객의 자기조절성향이 서비스 실패에 따른부정적 감정과 고객반응에 미치는 영향 -귀인과정에 따른 조정적 역할을 중심으로-", 아시아마케팅저널, 12(2), pp.83~110 (2010), 한국마케팅학회
  3. 유재미, "개별브랜드 간 위기정보의 파급효과 : 주요브랜드 위기정보와 일반브랜드 위기정보가 상대브랜드 평가에 미치는 영향 비교", 마케팅연구, 26(1), pp.1~22 (2011), 한국마케팅학회
  4. 이유재, "부정적 소비감정의 선행요인과 결과변수에 대한 연구 -후회감, 실망감을 중심으로 -", 소비자학연구, 16(4), pp.103~128 (2005), 한국소비자학회
  5. 전성률, "브랜드 위기 상황에서 책임규명 정보의 주체가 소비자의 브랜드 태도 변화에 미치는 영향", 마케팅연구, 24(2), pp.81~108 (2009), 한국마케팅학회
  6. 전성률, "브랜드 위기의 유형이 브랜드 태도에 미치는 부정적 영향에 관한 연구", 마케팅연구, 26(2), pp.25~44 (2011), 한국마케팅학회
  7. 정유정, "제품성과의 인지적 평가에 따른 만족 판단에 있어 실망과 후회의 매개효과", 마케팅연구, 25(4), pp.163~185 (2010), 한국마케팅학회
  8. 하영원, "부정적 언론보도가 기업에 대한 소비자의 태도에 미치는 영향", 경영학연구, 33(1), pp.10~10 (2004), 한국경영학회
  9. Ahuwalia, R., "Consumer Response to Negative Publicity: The Moderating Role of Commitment", Journal of Marketing Research, 37, pp.203~214 (2000)
  10. Allen, C. T., "A Comparison of Attitudes and Emotions as Predictors of Behavior at Diverse Levels of Behavioral Experience", Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), pp.493~504 (1992)
  11. Bagozzi, R. P., "A General Approach for Representing Constructs in Organizational Research", Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), pp.45~87 (1998)
  12. Blodgett, J. G., "The Effects of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice on Post complaint Behavior", Journal of Retailing, 73(2), pp.185~210 (1997)
  13. Breffni M. N., "Overcompensating for Service Failure: Perceived Fairness and Effect on Negative Word-of-mouth Intent", Journal of Services Marketing, 26(5), pp.342~351 (2012)
  14. Brown, R. J., "The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses", Journal of Marketing, 61, pp.68~84 (1997)
  15. Chang, P. L., "Building Consumer-Brand Relationship: A Cross-Cultural Experiential View", Psychology & Marketing, 23(11), pp.927~959 (2006)
  16. Cheng, S. Y. Y., "The Effect of Self-brand Connections on Reponses to Brand Failure: A New Look at the consumer-Brand Relationship", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22, pp.280~288 (2012)
  17. Churchill, G. A. Jr., "A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs", Journal of Marketing Research, 16, pp.64~73 (1979)
  18. Coombs, W. T., "Ongoing Crisis Communication-planning, Managing, and Responding" (1999), SAGE
  19. Coombs, W. T., "Designing Post-Crisis Messages: Lessons for Crisis Response Strategies", Review of Business, Jamaica, 21(3, pp.4) (2000), 37~41
  20. Coombs, W. T., "Impact of Past Crises on Current Crisis Communication: Insight From SCCT", Journal of Business Communication, 4(3), pp.265~289 (2006)
  21. Coombs, W. T., "Helping Crisis Managers Protect Reputational Assets S", J. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), pp.165~187 (2002)
  22. Dawar, N., "Brand Crisis: The Roles of Brand Familiarity and Crisis Relevance in Determining the Impact on Brand Evaluations", Journal of Business Research, 62, pp.509~516 (2009)
  23. Dawar, N., "Impact of Product-harm Crises on Brand Equity: The Moderating Role of Consumer Expectations", Journal of Marketing Research, 37(2), pp.215~226 (2000)
  24. Dutta, S., "Effectiveness of Corporate Responses to Brand Crisis: The Role of Crisis Type and Response Strategies", Journal of Business Research, 64(12), pp.1281~1287 (2011)
  25. Dwyer, F. R., "Developing Buyer-Seller Relationship", Journal of Marketing, 51(2), pp.11~27 (1987)
  26. Erevelles, S., "The Role of Affect in Marketing", Journal of Business Research, 42(2), pp.199~215 (1998)
  27. Fearn-Banks, K., "위기관리 PR 커뮤니케이션" (1996), 커뮤니케이션북스
  28. Folks, V. S., "Consumer Reactions to Product Failure: An Attributional Approach", Journal of Consumer Research, 10, pp.389~409 (1984)
  29. Fournier, S., "Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research", Journal of Consumer Research, 24, pp.343~374 (1998)
  30. Frijda, N., "Relations among Emotion, Appraisal and Emotional Action Readiness", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), pp.212~228 (1989)
  31. Gaby, O. S., "Exploring the Post-termination Stage of Consumer-Brand Relationships: An Empirical Investigation of the Premium Car Market", Journal of Retailing, 86(4), pp.372~385 (2010)
  32. Gerbing, D. W., "An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment", Journal of Marketing Research, 25, pp.186~192 (1988)
  33. Greyser, S. A., "Corporate Brand Reputation and Brand Crisis Management", Management Decision, 47(4), pp.590~602 (2009)
  34. Heerde, H. V., "The Impact of a Product-Harm Crisis on Marketing Effectiveness", Marketing Science, 26(2), pp.230~245 (2007)
  35. Hilton, D. J., "Knowledge-Based Causal Attribution: The Abnormal Conditions Focus Model", Psychological Review, 93, pp.65~88 (1986)
  36. Hofstede, G., "Cultures and Organizations: Software of the mind" (1997), McGraw Hill
  37. Holt, D. B., "How Global Brands Compete", Harvard Business Review, 82, pp.68~75 (2004)
  38. Inman, J. J., "A Generalized Utility Model of Disappointment and Regret Effects on Post-Choice Valuation", Marketing Science, 16(2), pp.97~111 (1997)
  39. Kang, M., "Comparing Effects of Country Reputation and the Overall Corporate Reputations of a Country on International Consumers' Product Attitudes and Purchase Intentions", Corporate Reputation Review, 13(1), pp.52~62 (2010)
  40. Klein, J., "Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers' Attributions and Brand Evaluations in a Product-Harm Crisis", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, pp.203~217 (2004)
  41. Kotler, P., "Marketing Management" (2005), Prentice Hall
  42. Landman, J., "Regret and Elation Following Action and Inaction", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(4), pp.524~536 (1987)
  43. Landman, J., "Regret and Elation Following Action and Inaction", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(4), pp.524~536 (1987)
  44. Laufer, D., "How should a Company Respond to a Product Harm Crisis? The Role of Corporate Reputation and Consumer-Based Cues", Business Horizons, 49, pp.379~385 (2006)
  45. Laufer, D., "The Role of Severity in Consumer Attributions of Blame: Defensive Attributions in Product Harm Crises in Maxico", Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 17(2, pp.3) (2005), 33~50
  46. Lee, R., "Relating Switching Costs to Positive and Negative Word-of-mouth", Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 22, pp.54~67 (2009)
  47. Lerbinger, O., "The Crisis Manager: Facing Risk and Responsibility" (1997), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  48. Linke, C. G., "Crisis: Dealing with the Unexpected, In Experts in Action: Inside Public Relations", pp.166~178 (1989), Longman
  49. Lipe, M. G., "Counterfactual Resoning as a Framework for Attribution Theories", Psychological Bulletin, 109, pp.456~471 (1991)
  50. Ma, B., "The Effect of Product-Harm Crisis on Brand Performance", International Journal of Market Research, 52(4), pp.443~458 (2010)
  51. Pauchant, T. C., "Transforming The Crisis-Prone Organization" (1992), Jossey-Bass Publishers
  52. Pearson, C. M., "Reframing Crisis Management", Academy Management Review, 23(1), pp.59~76 (1998)
  53. Pennings, J. M. E., "A Note on Modeling Consumer Reactions to a Crisis: The Case of the Mad Cow Disease", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19, pp.91~100 (2002)
  54. Pulling, C., "Attitude Basis, Certainty, and Challenge Alignment: A case of Negative Brand Publicity", Journal of Academy Marketing Science, 34(4), pp.528~543 (2006)
  55. Rinchins, M. L., "A Multivariate Analysis of Responses to Dissatisfaction", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 15, pp.24~31 (1987)
  56. Robbennolt, J., "Outcome Severity and Judgments of Responsibility: A Meta-analysis Review", Journal of Applied Psychology, 30, pp.2575~2609 (2000)
  57. Roehm, M. L., "When Will a Brand Scandal Spill Over and How Should Competitors Respond?", Journal of Marketing Research, 43(3), pp.366~373 (2006)
  58. Sen, S., "Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumers' Risk Perceptions", Journal of Marketing, 38, pp.225~243 (2001)
  59. Simonson, I., "The Influence of Anticipating Regret and Responsibility on Purchase Decisions", Journal of Consumer Research, 19, pp.105~118 (1992)
  60. Siomkos, G., "Opportunities and Threats for Competitors in Product-Harm Crisis", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(6), pp.770~791 (2010)
  61. Taylor, M., "Cultural Variance as a Challenge to Global Public Relations: A case Study of the Coca-Cola Scare in Europe", Public Relations Review, 26(3), pp.277~293 (2000)
  62. Vassilikopoulou, A., "Product-Harm Crisis Management: Time Heals all Wounds?", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service, 16, pp.174~180 (2009)
  63. Weick, K. E., "Enacted Sensemaking in Crisis Situations", Journal of Management Studies, 25, pp.305~318 (1988)
  64. Weiner, B., "An Attributional Theory of Achievement Motivation and Emotion", Psychological Review, 92, pp.548~573 (1985)
  65. Zeelenberg, M., "Beyond Valence in Customer Dissatisfaction: A Review and New Findings on Behavioral Responses to Regret and Disappointment in Failed Services", Journal of Business Research, 587(4), pp.445~455 (2004)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)