부정적 사건 발생이 소비자-브랜드 관계와 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향: 소비자 손실 및 회복 노력 유형과 브랜드 성격을 중심으로
The Effect of Crisis and Consumer Loss Type on Consumer Brand Relationship and Brand Attitude: With a Focus on Recovery Action Type and Brand Personality
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초록
본 연구는 기업이나 브랜드에 불가피하게 발생할 수 밖에 없는 부정적 사건에 대응하기 위한 전략적 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 장기적 관점의 소비자-브랜드 관계와 상대적으로 단기적 관점의 브랜드 태도가 부정적 사건의 발생으로 인해 어떤 영향을 받는지 확인하고 구체적으로 소비자의 손실 유형과 브랜드 성격에 따라 부정적 사건의 영향력이 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 또한 부정적 사건 이후에 기업이나 브랜드 차원의 회복 노력이 소비자-브랜드 관계와 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 소비자 손실 유형과 회복 노력 유형의 일치 여부에 따른 회복 정도를 살펴보았다. 부정적 사건으로 인한 소비자의 손실 유형은 경제적 유형의 손실과 사회적 유형의 손실로 구분하였으며 브랜드 성격에 따른 영향은 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 성실한 브랜드와 흥미진진한 브랜드에 대하여 살펴보았다. 기존 부정적 사건에 대한 연구는 포괄적 부정적 사건에 대해 다루거나 기업 입장의 부정적 사건 발생 원인에 대해 다루고 있는 것이 대부분이라 소비자 입장에서 부정적 사건으로 인해 어떤 손실을 입게 되며 이를 회복하기 위해 소비자에게 어떤 조치를 취해야 하는지에 대한 연구는 부족했다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소비자 입장에서 부정적 사건으로 인해 받는 손실의 유형에 따른 영향력에 대해 알아본 데 의미가 있겠다. 본 연구는 총 8가지 종류의 실험 상황을 통해 연구가설을 검증하였다. 두 가지 성격의 브랜드에 대한 평소의 소비자-브랜드 관계와 브랜드 태도를 알아본 후 경제적, 사회적 손실을 주는 두 유형의 부정적 사건을 제시하고 2가지 종속변수를 재측정하였다. 이후 부정적 사건에 대한 회복 노력의 두 가지 유형을 제시하여 2가지 종속변수를 측정하여 회복 정도를 파악하였다. 이를 통해 부정적 사건은 소비자-브랜드 관계와 브랜드 태도에 부정적 영향을 주며 성실한 브랜드가 흥미진진한 브랜드보다 부정적 사건에 더 민감하였다. 다음으로 부정적 사건 이후 회복 노력을 기울였을 때 긍정적 영향이 발생했으며 특히 경제적 유형의 손실을 주는 부정적 사건의 경우 회복 노력의 긍정적 영향이 더 높았고 부정적 사건의 손실 유형과 회복 노력의 유형이 일치할 때 소비자에게 더 긍정적 영향이 발생한 것을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This article reports strategies of coping with the inevitable crisis of brands or products. We research the effects of crisis on the consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude. Specifically, we study the differences of the effect according to the consumer loss type and brand personality. Also we consider the effects of recovery action on the consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude and the effects of the accordance of consumer loss type and recovery action type. The consumer loss types are economic loss and social loss. In prior research, consumers were more sensitive about economic risks. Thus, we suggest that a crisis resulting in consumers' economic loss affects more negatively on the consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude. The brand personalities are sincere and exciting. This study examines hypotheses with 8 kinds of experimental situations (2 brand personality x 2 consumer loss type x 2 recovery action). After the participants were provided with information about crisis and recovery action, they evaluated the loss types caused by crisis and types of recovery action. We checked that the participants properly recognized the difference between loss types and recovery action types. As a result, a crisis affects negatively on the consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude. But there is no difference of effect on the consumer-brand relationship and attitude by loss type of crisis. Also, as was hypothesized, a sincere brand is more sensitive to a crisis than an exciting brand. The results also reveal that recovery actions for consumer loss due to crisis have a positive effect on the recovery of a consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude. Concretely speaking, when an economic loss crisis occurs compared to when a social loss crisis does, the degree of recovery of the dependent variables is higher. In conclusion, this research investigated differentiated influences of consumer loss type of crisis on the consumer-brand relationship and brand attitude. Also, we identified different influences of brand personality and the effect of the accordance of recovery action with loss type caused by a crisis. Thus, we insist that this research has merits in that it could identify the impact of the loss type of crisis, brand personality and recovery action type on the consumer- brand relationship and brand attitude.
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