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종업원에 대한 사내기업가정신의 선행요인과 결과요인에 대한 연구

Employees’ level consequences and antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship

이재훈|안성익|방태연
한국산업경영학회 (Korean Association Of Industrial Business Administrarion)|2016.02|경영연구 (Journal of Business Research)|제31권 제1호|pp. 1-36|DOI 10.22903/jbr.2016.31.1.1

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참고문헌

키워드

혁신행동개인특성personal characteristics창업의도사내기업가정신corporate entrepreneurship환경특성entrepreneurial intentionsenvironmental characteristicsinnovative behaviors
주제분류경영학

초록

기업가정신은 지속적 혁신을 통해서 국가경제에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있고, 이런 장점을 조직수준에 적용하고자 사내기업가정신이라는 개념으로 발전하였다. 특히, 최근 기업의 생존과 성장을 위해서 혁신의 필요성이 강조되면서, 전사적 차원으로 기업가정신을 고취시키기 위해서 사내기업가정신에 대한 관심이 높아졌다. 이렇게 사내기업가정신에 대한 관심이 높아졌음에도 불구하고 사내기업가정신이 종업원에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 깊이 있게 연구되어 있지 않다. 특히, 개인수준의 사내기업가 정신, 다시 말하면, 인지된 사내기업가정신은 경영자 측면에서 볼 때, 긍정적 효과와 부정적 효과를 예상할 수 있으므로, 이에 대한 실증연구가 필요하다. 여기서 예상할 수 있는 긍정적 효과는 기존 기업가정신의 효과와 같은 맥락인 개인수준의 혁신을 높일 것이라는 것이고, 부정적 효과는 종업원의 창업의도를 높여서 인적자원이 유출될 가능성을 높인다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 개인수준에서 측정된 인지된 기업가정신이 혁신행동과 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 나아가, 본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 인지된 사내기업가정신의 선행요인이 개인특성 변수와 환경특성 변수로 구분될 수 있다는 것을 보이고, 이들이 사내기업가 정신에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그리고 개인특성 변수와 환경특성 변수가 혁신행동과 창업의도에 미치는 효과가 살펴보았다. 이를 위해서, 본 연구는 대구･경북 소재 기업의 종사자들을 대상으로 1,500부의 설문을 배포하여 512부를 회수하여 최종분석에 투입하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 사내기업가정신은 혁신행동에만 유의한 정(＋)의 영향을 미쳤고, 창업의도에는 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 개인특성 중 자기조절능력과 환경특성 중 환경불확실성 및 성장성이 사내기업가정신에 유의한 정(＋)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 개인특성변수는 창업의도 및 혁신행동 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환경특성 변수는 혁신행동에 대해서 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았고, 창업의도에 대해서는 환경불확실성만 유의한 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 사내기업가정신이 인력유출을 야기하지 않으면서 조직내 혁신을 증진시킨다는 것을 보이고, 사내기업가정신을 증진하기 위해서는 개인특성과 환경특성을 동시에 고려해야 한다는 것을 의미한다.

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is known to contribute to national economy positively by continuous innovation. Because of its positive aspects, management researchers tried to apply the concept for firms and develop corporate entrepreneurship. As organization wide innovations become important more and more for firms’ survival and growth, more attention is paid to corporate entrepreneurship. In spite of increased interest in corporate entrepreneurship, little attention is paid to its effects on employees even though corporate entrepreneurship performs well only after the whole employees are changed to the way of espoused corporate entrepreneurship. Especially, we should be more cautious to apply to corporate entrepreneurship for managerial practice because we can expect two contradicting effects of individual level corporate entrepreneurship, that is, perceived corporate entrepreneurship. The one is the individual innovation, that is, innovative behavior and the other is increased possibility of leaving the firm caused by increased entrepreneurial intentions. To make them clearer, we tested the effects of perceived corporate entrepreneurship on innovative behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. Next, we also tried to find the antecedents of perceived corporate entrepreneurship. By literature review, we concluded its antecedents to be classified into two group, individual characteristics and environmental characteristics. We selected three possible individual characteristics variable and three possible environmental characteristics variable and investigated their effects on of perceived corporate entrepreneurship. Furthermore, we also investigated their effects on innovative behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. We distributed 1,500 questionnaires to employees of firms located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area and 512 answers were returned. The results of analysis are as followings. First, perceived corporate entrepreneurship showed significant effects only on innovative behavior but not on entrepreneurial intentions. Second, among individual characteristics, only self-control showed significant effect on perceived corporate entrepreneurship and, among environmental characteristics, environmental uncertainty and growth showed significant effects. Last, individual characteristics variables showed significant effect on both innovative behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. Among environmental characteristics variables, none showed significant effects on innovative behavior and only environmental uncertainty showed significant effects on entrepreneurial intentions. With these results, we can conclude that corporate entrepreneurship promotes intra organizational innovation without loss of human resources and the managers who want to develop corporate entrepreneurship should consider individual characteristics and environmental characteristics at the same time.

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