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한국기업의 가족통제와 레버리지 의사결정: 기업규모의 조절효과 검증

Family Control and Leverage Decision-Making of Korean Firms: Testing the Moderating Effect of Firm Size

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 가족통제가 레버리지 의사결정에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 기업규모가 가족통제와 레버리지 의사결정 간의 관계에 조절효과를 갖는가를 분석하였다. 분석기간은 2002년부터 2022년까지이다. 분석결과 가족통제는 레버리지비율에 부(-)의 영향을 미치지만, 기업규모가 커지면 부(-)의 영향이 완화된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉 가족통제와 레버리지 의사결정 간의 관계에 기업규모가 조절효과를 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다. 가족통제기업의 지배가족은 장기적인 관점에서 기업에 대한 영향력을 세대에 걸쳐 유지하기를 원하기 때문에 외부 차입으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 기업에 대한 시장 간섭, 외부 감시, 위험 증가 등을 고려하여 레버리지비율 을 감소시키고자 하는 유인이 큰 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. 그렇지만 기업규모가 커지면 부채조달비용의 감소 나 규모의 경제를 통한 레버리지효과의 증가 등과 같은 레버리지 조달에 따른 긍정적인 효과가 크게 나타나기 때문에 레버리지를 감소시키려는 유인이 완화된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 기업규모의 조절효과는 글로 벌 금융위기 전후 기간을 구분하여 분석한 결과에서도 일관성 있게 나타났다.

Abstract

This study analyzed the impact of family control on leverage decision-making and whether firm size has a moderating effect on the relationship between family control and leverage decision-making in Korean companies. The analysis period is from 2002 to 2022. The analysis results show that family control has a negative effect on the leverage ratio, but the negative effect is alleviated as the firm size increases. In other words, it was confirmed that firm size has a moderating effect on the relationship between family control and leverage decision making. Since the controlling family of a family-controlled company wants to maintain influence over the company over generations from a long-term perspective, there is an incentive to reduce the leverage ratio in consideration of external surveillance and increased risk that may occur due to external borrowing. However, as the size of the company increases, the positive effects of leveraged financing, such as a reduction in debt financing costs and an increase in the leverage effect through economies of scale, it can be understood that the incentive to reduce leverage is alleviated. This moderating effect of firm size was consistently found in the results of the analysis of the period before and after the global financial crisis.

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