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가족통제는 잉여현금흐름에 의한 과잉투자 문제를 증가시키는가?

Does Family Control increase Corporate Overinvestment Caused by Free Cash Flow?

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 가족통제가 기업의 과잉투자 문제에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 잉여현금흐름으로 인한 과잉투자 문제에 가족통제가 조절효과를 갖는지 분석한 것이다. 또한 가족통제기업에 있어 가족구성원의 경영참여 여부에 따라서 이러한 영향관계가 달라지는지 확인하였다. 분석기간은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 기간인 2010년부터 2021년까지이다. 표본은 한국거래소 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 20,271개(연도-기업) 기업이다. 분석방법으로는 패널토빗회귀분석법을 사용하였다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국기업에서 잉여현금흐름이 많아지면 기업의 과잉투자문제가 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 잉여현금흐름이 대리인문제와 연관되어 기업의 과잉투자가 증가되는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. 둘째, 기업에 대한 가족통제는 전반적으로 과잉투자문제를 감소시키지만, 잉여현금흐름에 의한 과잉투자문제는 증가시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 가족통제는 기업의 과잉투자문제를 감소시키는 요인으로 작용한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 가족통제기업이 장기관점에서의 경영을 중시하고, 기업위험의 회피 유인이 큰 특성이 반영된 것으로 이해되었다. 그러나 재량적으로 활용할 수 있는 잉여현금흐름이 많은 기업에서는 가족통제가 잉여현금흐름에 의한 대리인문제를 증가시켜 과잉투자가 확대되는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. 셋째, 가족통제기업 중에서도 가족구성원이 경영에 직접 참여하는 기업의 경우에는 잉여현금흐름에 의한 과잉투자문제가 더 심화된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지배가족 구성원이 이사회에 이사로 참여하는 경우, 지배가족이 기업의 투자의사결정에 직접적으로 영향력을 행사할 수 있게 되어 잉여현금흐름에 의한 과잉투자문제가 더 크게 나타나는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study examines the influence of family control on corporate overinvestment and analyzes whether family control has a moderating effect on the overinvestment problem caused by free cash flow. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2021, following the financial crisis. The sample includes 20,271 companies listed on the Korea Exchange (KRX). The empirical results reveal the following. First, it is confirmed that higher free cash flow in Korean listed companies leads to an increase in corporate overinvestment. This can be understood as a result of the free cash flow caused by the agency problem as an incentive to overinvest. Secondly, family control in firms generally mitigates overinvestment. However, it exacerbates the overinvestment problem caused by free cash flow. In firms with substantial discretionary free cash flow, family control can lead to an expansion of overinvestment due to the agency problem related to free cash flow. Thirdly, when dominant family members participate on the board of directors, they gain direct influence over investment decisions, leading to heightened overinvestment problems caused by free cash flow.

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