1899년 평양개시 이후 평양성 외성 공간의 재편 과정

Abstract

This article examines the process of spatial organization within the outer-walls of P’yǒngyang City. The opening of the city was intended to open up the ‘interior’ where foreigners were not allowed to reside as an ‘open city,’ which introduced the problem of space division as to what extent foreigners should be allowed to reside. The Korean Government was induced to establish an area of ‘open city’ outside the boundary of the Imperial Household Ministry’s lands, which was drawn at a distance of two kilometers around P’yǒngyang, but the foreign diplomatic representatives in Korea countered with a plan to set up the area within P’yǒngyang. After a stalemate between the two sides and their respective plans, the foreign diplomatic representatives unilaterally declared that the whole city of P’yǒngyang would be regarded as an ‘open city.’ However, two different plans of spatial organization for the outer-walls of P’yǒngyang were respectively made by Korean and subsequently by Japan. The Korean Government designated P’yǒngyang as the western capital and built an Imperial Palace named ‘P’unggyǒnggung’ within the outer-walls, whereas the Japanese Army laid the Seoul-Ǔiju Railway across the middle of the outer-walls, and promoted the construction of permanent barracks by requisitioning the whole lands of the outer-walls for the military. The former’s goal was the restoration of the Korean Empire, whereas the latter’s was the expansion of the Japanese Empire. Eventually, the space of the outer-walls was destructively reorganized for the Japanese military, which emasculated the plan for the Korean Empire.