일제의 근대 식민지 도시 ‘대평양’ 건설과 평양 조선인들의 대응

Abstract

This article examines the urbanization process of Pyongyang, which was pursued to build a "Great Pyongyang" under Japanese colonial rule, as well as the contents related to the construction of the "Great Pyongyang". The article also analyzes who the leading force behind the urban development movement was among the Koreans in Pyongyang. After 1910, urban development in Pyongyang began in earnest. This development was centered on the new urban area, which was a residential area for Japanese people. The area where the Koreans lived was called the old town, while the area where the Japanese lived was called the new town. After 1917, Honda Tsunekichi (本田常吉), who was Pyongyang Buyun (Pyongyang Regional Minister), called for the construction of the "Great Pyongyang"-a large industrial city. The Korean residents accepted this as the "resurrection of the ancient Pyongyang". However, when urban development focused on Japanese residential areas, the Koreans in Pyongyang saw this as ethnic discrimination. They thus started the old town development movement. Those who led this initiative were key figures in political and social movements and economic activities from the late Choseon Dynasty; some of them were members of the local council (府協議會) in the 1920s. While working, the old city devoted itself to the development movement. In 1934, the Koreans in Pyongyang realized the need for a press agency to develop the old city and western Pyongyang (the area adjacent to the Korean one). They thus started publishing The Great Pyongyang magazine. In this case, the leading forces were those of Chang-ho Ahn and Man-sik Cho, two Christian nationalists. They were active in the Heungsadan (the Young Korean Academy) while studying in the United States and in the Shuyang Friendship Community (修養同友會) after returning home. In 1937, the Japanese authorities censored The Great Pyongyang. The people involved were arrested during what became known as the Suyangdonguhoe Association incident. After this episode, there was no further discussion of the "Great Pyongyang construction movement" by the Koreans in Pyongyang.