자기통제력, ‘사회적 결과’, 그리고 청소년 비행간의 관계분석
The Relationship between Self-Control, Social Consequences, and Delinquency
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자기통제이론에 의하면, 자기통제력은 어린 시기 가정에서의 자녀양육과정을 통하여 형성되어 비행 등의 행동뿐만 아니라 사회적 관계와 같은 ‘사회적 결과’에 영향을 미친다고 한다. 그리고 ‘사회적 결과’와 범죄행위는 모두 개인의 자기통제력의 결과로 파악하고, 두 현상간의 관계에 대해서는 인과관계보다는 허위관계로 파악해야 한다는 입장을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 청소년의 자기통제력, 사회적 연대 등의 ‘사회적 결과’, 그리고 청소년 비행간의 상호 관계를 분석하려는 것이다. 이 연구에서 사용된 자료는 한국형사정책연구원에 의하여 서울시의 중학교, 고등학교 학생을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문조사방법을 통하여 수집된 것이다. 분석결과, 자기통제이론에서 제시한 바와 같이, 자기통제력은 청소년의 비행뿐만 아니라 사회적 유대 및 교제 등의 사회적 결과에 두루 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 자기통제력은 청소년의 비행에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 하지만, 사회적 유대 및 차별교제 등의 ‘사회적 결과’ 등을 매개하여 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 유대 및 차별적 교제는 자기통제력과 더불어 각각 독립적으로 청소년 비행에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 사회적 유대 및 차별적 교제와 같은 ‘사회적 결과’와 비행행위간의 허위관계라는 견해를 지지하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
According to Self-Control theory, individuals with low self-control are likely to act criminal and analogous behaviors, and have unstable personal relationships/bonds and associations, and interact with non-conventional peers, and the relation between social consequences and crime are spurious, because each results from self-control. The aim in this study is to analyze empirically on the relationships between self-control, social consequences such as social bond and deviant peer, and juvenile delinquency. The data for this study were taken from a self-reported survey conducted in Seoul in July, 2008 by Korean Institute of Criminology. The sample consists of a total of 1,418 middle/high school students aged between 12 and 18. We used multi-regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the direct and indirect effects of self-control on delinquency. Major findings of our analysis are as follows. Self-control was a significant factor not only of crime and delinquency but also of social bonds, differential associations. And self-control such as risk-taking has direct effect on juvenile delinquency, and has indirect effect on juvenile delinquency through adolescent's social bonds such as teacher attachment and school involvement, and association with delinquent peers. We found significant associations between social consequences and delinquency when accounting for self-control. We suggest that 'the spuriousness thesis' be not support by this study. And we wish this study to contribute to the understand and explanation juvenile violent delinquence in our society. From our study, it is implied that future research should attempt to develop a more considerable model and the measures on the major concepts and analysis methods on these issue.
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