Feminism and Racial Homosociality in Carlos Bulosan’s America Is In the Heart
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This essay examines the tension between feminist analyses and a cultural nationalist, left critique of Carlos Bulosan’s America Is In the Heart (1946) to suggest a point of convergence between the two in the text’s trope of racial homosociality. By reading Bulosan’s revision of the triangle of desire, I argue that racial homosociality in America Is In the Heart, the very object of feminist critique, becomes a temporary alternative to hegemonic nationalism. Whereas the heterosexual relationship guarantees the homosocial one in Eve Sedgwick’s classic study of homosociality, Between Men, racial homosociality in Bulosan’s text comes at the expense of normative heterosexuality for brown men. Instead of taking such categories as men, women, and the nation as a priori categories, Bulosan’s text prods us to attend to the historically and socially contingent production of gender, sexuality and nationness. I call this Bulosan’s queering of nationalism and identify the text’s openness to feminist concerns in such an ambivalent and strategic deployment of nationalism
Abstract
This essay examines the tension between feminist analyses and a cultural nationalist, left critique of Carlos Bulosan’s America Is In the Heart (1946) to suggest a point of convergence between the two in the text’s trope of racial homosociality. By reading Bulosan’s revision of the triangle of desire, I argue that racial homosociality in America Is In the Heart, the very object of feminist critique, becomes a temporary alternative to hegemonic nationalism. Whereas the heterosexual relationship guarantees the homosocial one in Eve Sedgwick’s classic study of homosociality, Between Men, racial homosociality in Bulosan’s text comes at the expense of normative heterosexuality for brown men. Instead of taking such categories as men, women, and the nation as a priori categories, Bulosan’s text prods us to attend to the historically and socially contingent production of gender, sexuality and nationness. I call this Bulosan’s queering of nationalism and identify the text’s openness to feminist concerns in such an ambivalent and strategic deployment of nationalism
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