『미국은 마음속에 있다』에 나타난 식민이데올로기와 백인여성
Colonial Ideology and White Women in Carlos Bulosan's America Is in the Heart
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
This paper focuses on Carlos Bulosan's strategy of revelation and disruption of colonial ideology in its relation with race and gender as presented in his autobiographical and ethnographic novel America Is in the Heart. The theoretical basis of my argument is a mixture of Fanon's psychoanalysis in his Black Skin, White Masks, Bhabha's notion of mimicry in his The Location of Culture, and Barthes' political semiotics in his Mythologies. In the novel Bulosan demonstrates that Asian Americans, in particular Filipinos, are stereotyped as natives with “malicious sexuality” by colonial ideology which reinforces racial segregation and economic exploitation. Against this, he performs a strategic reverse stereotyping to the white women, the supposedly weaker sex of the dominant white race, by enhancing them as the ideal America. While the narrator in the novel who is identifiable with the author Bulosan himself, is mentally and physically subjected to colonialism in the Philippines and later in America, he wants to be assimilated into Anglo-American society and keeps the will to maintain his resistant minority subjectivity through his socialist activism. Bulosan's strategy facing this situation is to appropriate white women as the other to the Asian resistant self. Bulosan embodies white women as the nurturing and warm-bosomed America and presents this as the ideal America he wants to belong to. Idealizing white women appears to offer Bulosan a minimum sense of masculinity in a land where he has been almost emasculated. In addition to white women, Western books and the knowledge they contain give him a promise of equality. However, the idealized feminine America is practically denied to Bulosan and Filipino-Americans because the domination of the white masculine colonialism is based on the emasculation of the colonized at the outset. Although Bulosan charts the desire for the ideal America in democracy, equal opportunity, and freedom as embodied by white women, the America he really wants to belong to is an unfulfilled dream in the heart as an improbable utopia.
참고문헌 (16)
- Ed, "The Fictive Narrator of America is in the Heart Frontiers of Asian American Studies" (1989)
- Bhabha,Homi K, "The Location of Culture" (1994), Routledge
- Bulosan,Carlos, "America Is in the Heart" (1973), U of Washington P
- Gilman, "Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-Century Art U of Chicago P" (1985)
- Higashida, Cheryl, "Re-signed Subjects: Woman, Work, and World in the Fiction of Carlos Bulosan and Hisaye Yamamoto", 37, pp.35~60 (2004)
- Kim,Elaine H, ".Asian American Literature:An Introduction to the Writings and Their Social Context" (1982), Temple UP
- Koshy, Susan, "The Fiction of Asian American Literature", pp.315~46 (1996)
- Lee, Rachel C, "The Americas of Asian American Literature" (1999), Princeton UP
- Libretti, Tim, "First and Third Worlds in U.S. Literature: Rethinking Carlos Bulosan", pp.135~23 55 (1998)
- Lowe, Lisa, "Immigrant Acts" (1996)
- Ma, Sheung-mei, "Immigrant Subjectivities in Asian American and Asia American Literature" (1998)
- Palumbo-Liu, David, "Asian", American: Historical Crossings of Racial Frontier, 1999, ~[DOI]
- San Juan, Jr., E, "Interrogating Transmigrancy, Remapping Diaspora: The Globalization of Laboring Filipinos", as, 2001, 52~74
- Takaki,Ronald, ".Strangers from a Different Shore:A History of Asian Americans" (1989), Penguin
- McWilliams,Carey, ".Introduction.America is in The Heart.By Carlos Bulosan" (1973), U of Washington P
- Wong,Sau-ling Cynthia, ".Reading Asian American Literature:From Necessity to Extravagance" (1993), Princeton UP