Ethnic Modernism in Carlos Bulosan’s America Is in the Heart
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This paper aims to reread Carlos Bulosan’s novel America Is in the Heart (1946) as a modernist text to expand the discussions on literary modernism that has traditionally excluded ethnic or realist novels. Although usually considered a socialist realist novel, America Is in the Heart also exhibits characteristics of ethnic modernism through responding and resisting to Filipino (American) modernity deeply marked with colonialism and capitalism. Refuting the limited boundary of Anglo-European and American high modernism, modernist studies claimed a need for diverse, expanded alternative modernisms. Ethnic modernism is one of the movements respond to transnational modernities on which imperialism and capitalism take dominant influence, expanding the studies on modernism to racially and aesthetically more diverse ethnic writers who have been reduced to the peripheral field of ethnic studies. Bulosan’s semi-autobiographical novel sharply captures the violent condition of modernity, mainly caused by the imperialist and capitalist exploitation, imposed on Filipino and American cultures and the characters’ responses—sense of despair, anger and alienation. Nevertheless, the novel also suggests the persistent hope for a better future of the modern society and the contradictory characteristic of modernism. Bulosan’s ambivalence, resistance and subversion to modernity are embodied in the novel’s idealization of America and white American women.
Abstract
This paper aims to reread Carlos Bulosan’s novel America Is in the Heart (1946) as a modernist text to expand the discussions on literary modernism that has traditionally excluded ethnic or realist novels. Although usually considered a socialist realist novel, America Is in the Heart also exhibits characteristics of ethnic modernism through responding and resisting to Filipino (American) modernity deeply marked with colonialism and capitalism. Refuting the limited boundary of Anglo-European and American high modernism, modernist studies claimed a need for diverse, expanded alternative modernisms. Ethnic modernism is one of the movements respond to transnational modernities on which imperialism and capitalism take dominant influence, expanding the studies on modernism to racially and aesthetically more diverse ethnic writers who have been reduced to the peripheral field of ethnic studies. Bulosan’s semi-autobiographical novel sharply captures the violent condition of modernity, mainly caused by the imperialist and capitalist exploitation, imposed on Filipino and American cultures and the characters’ responses—sense of despair, anger and alienation. Nevertheless, the novel also suggests the persistent hope for a better future of the modern society and the contradictory characteristic of modernism. Bulosan’s ambivalence, resistance and subversion to modernity are embodied in the novel’s idealization of America and white American women.
참고문헌 (23)
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