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감사품질에 대한 고객기업의 만족도와 감사보수의 관계

Client Firms' Satisfaction on Audit Quality and Audit Fee

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류회계학

초록

본 연구는 회계감사 품질(audit quality)에 대한 고객기업의 만족도와 감사보수의 관계에 대한 실증적 연구이다. 고객기업은 감사인과 함께 회계감사시스템을 구성하는 주요 당사자로서 감사인에게 감사관련 자료를 제공하는 등 감사인과의 활발한 상호작용 속에 감사서비스를 받으며, 그 대가로 감사보수를 지급한다. 고객기업이 감사결과에 만족하고 적절한 보수를 지급하는 것은 회계감사시스템의 정상적인 작동과 발전에 매우 중요하다. 그동안 감사인 입장에서의 감사품질에 대한 연구는 비교적 활발히 이루어졌지만, 감사시스템의 중요한 당사자 중의 하나인 고객기업 입장에서의 감사품질에 대한 연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 감사인이 우수한 품질의 감사서비스를 고객기업에게 제공한다면, 이러한 서비스에 만족한 고객기업은 그 보상으로 높은 감사보수를 지불할 것이라고 예측된다. 본 연구는 이러한 예측을 실증적 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 감사만족도 자료는 송용호(2003)의 연구에서 사용된 것으로, 총 42개 항목의 평가항목에 대한 설문결과로 수집되었다. 송용호(2003)는 만족도를 ‘외적 감사품질’에 대한 만족도와 ‘내적 감사품질’에 대한 만족도로 구분하였는데, 전자는 일반적으로 인정된 회계원칙에 입각한 재무제표를 외부 이해관계자에게 공표할 수 있는 능력과 관련된 만족도를 의미하고, 후자는 감사와 관련하여 고객기업을 만족시킬 수 있는 능력과 관련된 만족도를 의미한다. 실증분석 결과, 감사보수와 관련된 다른 결정변수들을 통제한 이후에도 감사만족도와 감사보수 사이에는 유의적인 양(+)의 관계가 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 감사만족도를 내적/외적 감사품질에 대한 만족도로 구분하여 감사보수와의 관계를 분석한 결과, 외적 감사품질에 대한 만족도는 감사보수와 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 존재하였으나, 내적 감사품질에 대한 만족도에서는 통계적인 유의성을 발견할 수 없었다. 이는 고객기업이 감사보수를 결정할 경우 감사품질에 대한 외적 만족도가 내적 만족도보다 더 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다.

Abstract

This study empirically examines the association between the degree of satisfaction on audit quality in view of the client firms and audit fees. While auditors directly review, examine and audit the client firms, the client firms provide auditors with related documents and audit evidences. In addition, client firms pay audit fees for the audit services provided by auditors. That is, both parties actively communicate with each other during the process of audit. Accordingly, the two parties are the most important principals for the audit tasks and it is also very important for client firms to be satisfied with the services from auditors and negotiate with auditors for audit fees based on the degree of satisfaction on audit quality. However, up to now, there have been almost no archival research on the audit quality in view of client firms, while there have been voluminous research on audit quality in view of the auditors. Considering audit fees are the price of audit services, research should consider both supply side and demand side of that service. Prior literature, however, has been focusing on the supply side characteristics such as audit hour, client size, audit risk, and auditor change. In this respect, this study has two contributions. First, we extend research area by focusing on demand side of audit service which is important but not actively investigated. Therefore, the findings in this study shows relatively new aspect to audit fee contract. Second, we further investigate which aspect of satisfaction on audit quality (external or internal) is more important for audit fee contract. If auditors provide high-quality audit services to client firms, the client firms would be more satisfied with those services compared to low-quality services and are expected to pay higher audit fees in return for the high-quality services. This study investigates the prediction using empirical data. The client firms' level of satisfaction on audit quality is measured by the survey data provided by Song's(2003). Song surveyed hundreds of companies and collected the answers on 42 questions on both the internal and external aspects of audit quality. A total of 123 firms' data are finally used in this research. In his paper, Song divided the degree of total satisfaction into two distinct components based on the client firms' point of view: internal versus external satisfaction. External satisfaction represents the audit quality perceived by client firms for the ability of auditors in providing outside parties such as investors with quality accounting information which is in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. In contrast, internal satisfaction represents the audit quality perceived by client firms for the ability of auditors in providing professional service to client firms to meet the demand of the clients. The empirical results from median regression analysis reveal that the audit fees are positively related to the total level of satisfaction by client firms as we expected. We believe this finding is meaningful to auditors because these empirical evidences suggest a new approach for audit firms to make themselves more competitive. When we further divide the total level of satisfaction to internal versus external satisfaction, the results show that only the level of external satisfaction is significantly associated with audit fees. This result implies that the main role of auditor is to provide audit service related with client firms' external satisfaction. Therefore, internal satisfaction on audit service is not directly related to audit fee. If client firms want more specific services closely related with internal satisfaction, they will buy non-audit services. Although our findings provide regulators, academics, client firms, practitioners, and investors with valuable insights into the determinants of audit fees, this study has some caveats. First, our analyses heavily depend on survey data for the measurement of client satisfaction. In general, survey data are regarded as unreliable because they are exposed to responser's subjectiveness resulting in measurement error. Second, our findings are based on one year data and small sample. Because of that, our results should be interpreted with caution.

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